Focused strength and speed-strength trainings of sprinters

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Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kultury №4 2019

Dr.Hab., Professor E.P. Vrublevskiy 1, 2
Postgraduate student Kh.S .Khorshidakhmed3
Postgraduate student D.A. Albarkaii3
1Francisk Skorina Gomel State University, Gomel, Belarus
2University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
3Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus

The modern 100m sprinters’ training systems make a special emphasis on the speed-strength training component for focused and fast specific strength building in the key muscle groups for competitive success. The functional specialization of the sprinter’s musculoskeletal system shall not be driven by a passive adaptation to the specific competitive performance requirements, with the trainees expected to attain the sport-specific musculoskeletal system anthropometrical characteristics and functionality for competitive accomplishments.
Objective of the study was to analyze benefits of the focused strength and speed-strength trainings to build up the sport-specific lower limb physicality and functionality in sprinters. Sampled for the new strength and speed-strength building 5-month training model testing experiment were junior (14-15 year-old) sprinters (n=28) split up into three groups. The model offered, in addition to the traditional run practices, special lower limb strength building exercises, with the following group specializations: Group 1 made an emphasis on dynamic exercises; Group 2 on the statistic exercises; And Group 3 on the mixed exercises for the target muscle groups. The study data and analyses showed the training model being the most beneficial in case of the static and mixed physical exercises, whilst the dynamic practices only were found to contribute to the speed gradient; and in combination with mixed practices to increase the starting strength.

Keywords: strength rates, junior sprinters, strength gradients, starting strength, speed-strength qualities.

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