PhD, Associate Professor M.A. Rogozhnikov1
A.G. Sergeeva¹
St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, St. Petersburg

Keywords: taekwondo, complex coordinated skills, aerial position, trampoline assisted training.

Background. New rules of taekwondo sport were put into effect in January 2018, with the successful technical actions in the competitive bouts now rated on a five-point scale by the new Code of Points to contribute to the sport popularity and attraction. Aerial kicks with/ without twists are particularly appreciated by the supporters and referees, with the successful attacks and counterattacks including such kicks being largely critical for success in the top-ranking events since every successful complex coordinated technical action of that kind is now scored by 3 to 5 points [1, 3].

In application to the Poomsae Freestyle discipline, for instance, the new rules effective since January 2018 are applicable, among other things, to the individual and team routines classified into the mixed (man and woman) couples and mixed fives (3+2 men and women, alternatively). Every routine in the Poomsae Freestyle discipline is now rated by the following criteria: (1) obligatory technical elements; (2) binding elements necessary for the fluency of the routine; and (3) presentation merits.

Objective of the study was to analyze benefits of the new trampoline assisted training model geared to step up versatility of the complex coordinated skills in modern taekwondo.

Methods and structure of the study. An educational experiment under the study was run in the period of September 2017 to December 2017. Sampled for the experiment were the athletes (n=20) from the Saint Petersburg picked taekwondo team including 1 World Class Master of Sport, 6 Masters of Sport and 13 Candidate Masters of Sport competing in Poomsae Freestyle, with the sample split up into Experimental (EG) and Reference (RG) Groups of 10 people each, by the skill levels. The trampoline assisted training model testing experiment was run at the Saint Petersburg based ‘Comet’ Olympic Sport Reserve School and Kalinin District Olympic Sport Reserve School #3.

The sample progress in the complex coordinated skills was rated in the educational experiment by a variety of the following tests:

– Maximal-height kick; front kick; hook kick; and back twist kick;

– Sequence of aerial kicks including front kick, hook kick and side-kick;

– Horizontal aerial twist kicks; and

– Vertical aerial twist kicks with acrobatic elements.

The EG was trained 5 times a week under the experiment, with Poomsae Freestyle routines trained and basics of the kicking and punching skills mastered on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays in a standard gym; and the trampoline assisted trainings run on Tuesdays and Thursdays. In the first training month (September) a special priority in this period was given to the preparatory and basics mastering exercises, i.e. the key phases of the complex coordinated skills including take-off phase; grouping phase; charge phase; strike phase; tuck phase and landing phase [2]. In the second and third months (October-November), the athletes mastered the aerial kicking skills on trampoline, with a special emphasis on jump height, kicks per jump, maximal twists with kicks and acrobatic elements with kicks. In December the group mastered more complicated versions of the complex coordinated skills including kicks with acrobatic elements (sideward cartweel, backward Salto etc.) and mixes of a few complex coordinated skills executed from a variety of initial positions with variable aerial twists.

The RG was trained under the standard training system, with the Tuesday and Thursday trainings run in a standard gym using regular gymnastic mats, springboards, benches and climbing frames to master the same complex coordinated skills.

Study findings and discussion. The key coordination qualities required for success of the complex coordinated skills are dominated by the spatial orientation ability in aerial positions and the ability to distinguish and control every element of the movement sequence. The individual progress in the complex coordinated skills mastering trainings was rated by the following tests: tripple forward roll (seconds); standing long forward/ sideward (left/ right) jumps [4]: see Table 1.

Table 1. Coordination skills rating test data (n=20), M±ܰm

Table 2. EG versus RG progress (pre- versus post-experimental) test data (n=20)

Conclusion

(1) The study found the trampoline-assisted training model applied in the EG to master the complex coordinated skills beneficial as verified by the following progress test rates:

– Maximal height of kick jumps tested to grow to 234±2,6; 189±2,6; 187±2,1cm;

– Number of aerial kicks per jump increased to 3,5±0,3; 2,9±0,2; 2,7±0,1;

– Twist rate of horizontal aerial kicks grown up to 589,1±65 degrees;

– Number of front kicks per back Salto grown up to 1,7±0,2; and

– Aerial orienteering ability tested to improve to1,ܰ00±0,02 s.

(2) The movement sequence elements differentiation and control ability was tested to grow in the RG versus EG by 195,4ܰ3±1,7 and 197,01±1,4, respectively.

(3) We recommend applying the group average progress test rates in the complex coordination skills mastering systems in modern taekwondo.

References

1. Dementiev K.N., Volskiy V.V., Rogozhnikov M.A. Vremennye kharakteristiki obratnogo krugovogo udara nogoy v bezopornom polozhenii s vrashcheniem 540° [Aerial 540° reverse hook kick in taekwondo: timing aspect]. Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury, 2017, no. 11, pp. 75-76.
2. Rogozhnikov M.A., Safonova O.A., Karavan A.V. Model pryamogo udara nogoy cherez vyvedenie bedra, vypolnyaemoe v bezopornom polozhenii v verkhniy uroven [Model of front kick via upper hip raising in aerial positions]. Kultura fizicheskaya i zdorovye, 2017, no. 3 (63), pp. 42-44.
3. Rogozhnikov M.A. Obuchenie yunykh tkhekvondistov bezopornym slozhnokoordinatsionnym tekhnicheskim deystviyam. Avtoref. dis. kand. ped. nauk [Teaching junior taekwondokas aerial complex coordination technical actions. PhD diss. abstract]. St. Petersburg, 2016, 187 p.
4. Rogozhnikov M.A. Razvitie vzryvnoy sily myshts nog u yunykh tkhekvondistov dlya vypolneniya slozhnokoordinatsionnykh tekhnicheskikh deystviy [Explosive leg strength training for complex coordinated techniques in youth taekwondo]. Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury, 2017, no. 11, pp. 60-61.

Corresponding author: mrogozhnikov89@gmail.com

Abstract

New rules of taekwondo sport were put into effect in January 2018, with the new Code of Points setting a five-point scale for rating successful technical actions in the bouts. Successful complex coordinated technical actions of the competitors are now rated by three to five points. The technique rating criteria in the Poomsae Freestyle discipline, for instance, have changed for head kicks; series of aerial kicks; and horizontal and vertical twist kicks. The article analyzes benefits of the new trampoline assisted training model geared to step up versatility of the complex coordinated skills in modern taekwondo.