Doping in Olympic sport: signs of crisis and ways to overcome it

Фотографии: 

ˑ: 

 

Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kultury №10 2016, pp. 94-98

UDC 796.06

Professor, Dr.Hab. V.N. Platonov
National University of Physical Education and Sport of Ukraine, Kiev

The study gives an analysis of the modern history of doping in the Olympic sports, the IOC track record struggling with doping and the 1999-founded World Anti-Doping Agency activity for this period geared to root out doping in sports. The study shows that the long-term efforts of the WADA, despite its fast growing financial, staffing and legal capacities, its high-intensity propaganda offensive, multiple tests and cruel sanctioning policies supported by a few authoritative multilateral organizations like UN, UNESCO, Council of Europe etc. – have failed to near a solution of the doping problem and even made the problem more acute and increasingly dangerous for the image and popularity of the Olympic movement. This negative trend is due to not only the sharply growing competition in elite sports associated with the growing social, political and commercial benefits of the Olympic accomplishments, but also to the genuinely wrong methodology in the very basis of the WADA activity that neglects the achievements of biology, medicine, sport science and modern elite sport practices and gives a top priority to opinions of lawyers, economists and “universal managers”. The study overviews the WADA and its certified anti-doping laboratories performance for the period that have largely contributed to the multiple crisis effects going far beyond the Olympic sports proper; and outlines the potential ways out of the heavy crisis in the subject area.

Keywords: doping in Olympic sports, anti-doping activity of WADA, World Anti-Doping Code, WADA Prohibited List, crisis phenomena, rights of athletes and sport physicians.

References

  1. Belonog Y. Kto platit – tot i diktuet (The one who pays, dictates) / Y. Belonog // Kievskiy telegraf. – July 30 2003.
  2. Gorchakova N.A. Farmakologiya sporta (Sport Pharmacology) / N.A. Gorchakova, Y.S. Gudivok, L.M. Gunina [et al.]; Ed. by S.A. Oleynik, L.M. Gunina, R.D. Seyfulla. – Kiev: Olimp. lit., 2010. – 639 p.
  3. Gunina L. Anabolicheskie agenty v sporte: mekhanizm dopingovogo deystviya i pobochnye effekty (Anabolic agents in sport: stimulating mechanisms of action and side effects) / L. Gunina // Nauka v olimpiyskom sporte. – 2015. – № 4. – P. 39-48.
  4. Platonov V.N. Doping v olimpiyskom sporte: istoriya, sostoyanie, perspektivy (Doping in Olympic sport: history, status, prospects) / V.N. Platonov // Doping and ergogenic aids in sports / Ed. by V.N. Platonov. – Kiev: Olimpiyskaya literatura, 2003. – P. 9–49.
  5. Platonov V.N. Sistema podgotovki sportsmenov v olimpiyskom sporte: obshchaya teoriya i ee prakticheskie prilozheniya (Olympic athlete training system: general theory and its practical applications) / V.N. Platonov. — Kiev: Olimp. lit., 2004. — 808 p.
  6. Platonov V.N. Olimpiyskiy sport: v 2 t. (Olympic sport: 2 Vol.) / V.N. Platonov. – V. 2. – Kiev, 2009. – 696 p.
  7. Platonov V.N. Sistema podgotovki sportsmenov v olimpiyskom sporte. Obschaya teoriya i ee prakticheskie prilozheniya: uchebnik [dlya trenerov]: v 2 kn. (Olympic athlete training system. General theory and its practical applications: textbook [Trainers' book] in 2 books) / V.N. Platonov. – Kiev: Olimp. lit., 2015. – B. – 752 p.
  8. Backhouse S. H. Doping in sport: a review of medical practitioners' knowledge, attitudes and beliefs / S. H. Backhouse, J. McKenna // Int J Drug Policy. – 2011 – May; 22 (3). – P. 198–202. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2011.03.002.
  9. Coleman J. E. The burden of proof in endogenous substance cases: A masking agent for junk science / J. E. Colleman, J. M. Levine // Doping and anti-doping policy in sport / ed. by M. McNamee, V. Moller. – London: Routledge, 2011. – P. 27–49.
  10. Hanstad D. V. Elite athletes’ duty to provide information on their whereabouts: justifiable anti-doping work or an indefencible surveillance regime? / D. V. Hantstand, S. Loland / Europ. J. Sport Sci. – 2009. – Vol. 9 (1). – P. 3–10.
  11. Kenney L. W. Physiology of Sport and Exercise / L. W. Kenney, J. H. Wilmore, D. L. Costill. – Champaign: Human Kinetics, 2012. – 621 p.
  12. Layden T. Playing Favorites an ex-UCOS official some athletes were allowed to bend the drug rules / T. Layden, D. Yaeger. http://sportsillustrate.crm.com/si_online/scorecard /news/2003/04/15sc/.
  13. Mazanov J. Rethinking the management of drugs in sport / J. Mazanov, J. Connor // Int. J. of Sport Policy and Politics. – 2010. – Vol. 2, no. 1. – P. 49–63. doi: 10.1080/19406941003634032
  14. Mazanov J. Vale WADA, ave "World Sports Drug Agency" / J. Mazanov // Performance Enhancement and Health. – 2013. – Vol. 2, no. 2. – P. 80–83. doi: 10.1016/j.peh.2013.08.014
  15. Mottram D. R. A historical perspective of doping and anti-doping in sport / D. R. Mottram // Drugs in Sport. – 2011. – P. 21.
  16. Pound R. Inside Olympic / R. Pound. – Toronto: Jon Willey, 2004. – 270 p.
  17. Stewart B. Drug use in sport: Implications for public policy / B. Stewart, A. C. T. Smith // Journal of Sport and Social Issues. – 2008. – Vol. 32 (3). – P. 278–298.
  18. Strelan P. Why drug testing in elite sport does not work: Perceptual deterrence theory and the role of personal moral beliefs / P. Strelan, R. J. Boeckmann // Journal of Applied Social Psychology. – 2006. – Vol. 36 (12). – P. 2909–2934.
  19. Tsitsimpikou C. Medication use by athletes at the Athens 2004 Summer Olympic Games / C. Tsitsimpikou, A. Tsiokanos, K. Tsarouhas [et al.] // Clinical journal of sport medicine. – 2009. – Vol. 19 (1). – P. 33–38.
  20. Waddington I. Sport, health and drugs: a critical sociological perspective / I. Waddington. – Taylor & Francis, 2000.
  21. Wilmore J. H. Physiologie du Sport. et de l’Exercice / J. H. Wilmore. – [5th ed.]: Adaptations physiologiques à l’exercice physique. – De Boeck Université, 2009. – 544 p.
  22. World anti-doping code: Version 3. — Copenhagen, Denmark. — 5 March, 2003

Received 30.06.2016 г.