Structure of competitive match depending on display of motor activity dominant in judokas

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Dr.Hab, Professor I.D. Svishchev
Applicant V.A. Chuvilin
Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sport, Youth and Tourism (GTsOLIFK), Moscow

Keywords: competitive bout, dominant, judo motor activity profiles, tactical bout plan.

Introduction. One of the top priority objectives of the athletic training process in martial arts is to help the athlete analyze the competitive bouts and model the dominant motor activity (MA) in the training process (A.N. Lents, 1967; A.P. Kuptsov, 1978; V.M. Igumenov, B.A. Podlivaev, 1986). It should be noted that dominant in this context means, as defined by A.A. Ukhtomskiy (1978), the excitation focus within the central nervous system that makes the body fit for the certain activity in the certain moment [1].

The purpose of the study was to determine how the MA will be focused by an athlete in competitive judo settings depending on his/her individual qualities.

Materials and methods. Individual MA indicators of the subject athletes were computed by dividing the number of attempted technical-and-tactical motor actions on the active time of the episodes as follows: MA= А/t (active episode time), where А means the number of attempted holds, and t means the active time of the holds/ episodes only. 282 judo bouts of highly-skilled athletes in official judo competitions were subject to our analysis.

Results and discussion. A judo bout structure may be described as composed of two segments, namely episodes and pauses that are different both in time- and content-specific parameters. Episode is the bout element when athletes are engaged in active fighting interaction; and pauses are the bout time segments when the referee communicates with the athletes. More specifically, episode time is the period between the referee’s “Start!” and “Stop!” commands; and pause time is the period between the referee’s “Stop!” and “Start!” commands. On average a bout of basically equally skilled athletes is estimated to include some 12±3 episodes and 11±3 pauses. It should be mentioned that the episode time normally goes down from the start to the end of a bout: in the study it ranged from around 35.0±3.8 s to 15.0±2.0 s; whilst the pause time, on the contrary, increased during the bouts from 8.0±1.0 s to as much as 14.0±2.2 s (Figure 1 hereunder). Net time of a bout (that means the summarized episode times) was found to average 300 s, and the pause time totaled 140±10 s. Bout cycle (BC), as mentioned about, includes episode (E) and pause (P) as follows: BC = E + P. Bout part (BP) includes a few bout cycles, as follows: BP = (BC1+BC2…BCn). Full bout (FB) includes a few bout parts.

Figure 1. Episodes (blue line 1) and pauses (pink line 2) duration times in 282 judo bouts

Given in Table 1 hereunder are the MA data of elite athlete N during the World Judo Championship bouts. As demonstrated by the following data, his MA indicators were notably higher than those of his opponents in every bout.

Table 1. Motor activity data of elite athlete N in World Judo Championship bouts (n=5)








Bouts

1

2

3

4

5

Хср.

Athlete N

=0,028

σ ±0,002

V%=8,2

=0,049

σ ±0,003

V%=6,0

=0,050

σ ±0,004

V%=9,0

=0,043

σ ±0,004

V%=9,1

=0,089

σ ±0,004

V%=4,7

=0,052

σ ±0,036

V%=7,0

Country,

Opponent

Israel

=0,014

σ ±0,002

V%=13,5

Slovenia

=0,024

σ ±0,003

V%=14,2

Poland

=0,028

σ ±0,006

V%=20,7

Algeria

=0,022

σ ±0,003

V%=14,0

Iran

=0,048

σ ±0,003

V%=6,8

 

=0,027

σ ± 0,003

V%=12,9

Number of episodes

6

18

12

17

13

-

Dominant motor activity in judo bout

Dominant activity means herein the core system of reflexes that supports the athlete’s MA profile in every specific episode of the bout. The concept of dominant is convenient for description of the MA physiological mechanisms activated during the bout. It should be noted that the dominant formation process is largely determined by the athlete's personality. To put it in other words, the dominant focus formed in the central nervous system is personified and, when formed, controls the relevant behavioral models, including the MA focus during the bout, within the frame of the athlete’s individual qualities. MA may be described as the “edge” foothold spot in the brain systemic process development that determines the rhythmic system of these specific actions [1].

With growing experience of competitive bouts, the athlete develops his/her personal neurodynamic rhythm that consistently manifests itself being shaped up by his/her specific genotype. Individual MA profiles of the athlete are controlled by the dominant MA specific for the relevant period in his/her sport career in every competitive bout of the period.

To put it in other words, there is an individual inborn internal mechanism responsible for the athlete’s MA consistency, with the MA being specific for the “edge” foothold spot in the brain systemic process development that determines the rhythmic system of these specific actions. The nervous system excitability pattern is reinforced through convergence of contributions from the growing number of its centers, with the transition from precise specific conditioned responses to reactions controlled by the dominant in the meaning provided by A.A. Ukhtomskiy [1].

Conclusion

The core element of the methodology presented herein is the analysis of individual motor action patterns of the potential opponents. Knowing the ranges of the lowermost motor activity values of the competitors, the researcher may model the expected bout using the motor activity data to design the bout win plan tailored to a particular opponent.

References

  1. Ukhtomskiy, A.A. Nauchnye izvestiya Smolenskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta (Scientific news of Smolensk State University) / A.A. Ukhtomskiy. – 1923. – P. 99.

Corresponding author: ioan47@mail.ru