Effect of exercise and sound accompaniment with different rhythm and tempo on brain bioelectrical activity
Фотографии:
ˑ:
Yu.G. Kalinnikova
Ph.D., Associate Professor E.S. Inozemtseva
Dr.Sc.Psych., Professor E.V. Galazhinskiy
Ph.D. D.Yu. Balanev
Dr.Med., Professor L.V. Kapilevich
National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk
Keywords: rhythm-tempo structure, aerobics, electroencephalographic indices, EEG rhythms.
Introduction. When the rhythm and tempo structure of load changes adaptive adjustments are of phase nature [7]. Along with developing fatigue at the rate of over 140 bpm central regulatory mechanisms get involved in the work to ensure adaptation to load [3, 5]. Neurophysiological reactions that occur at different rhythm-tempo load characteristics can be associated with two key aspects: the impact on the human emotional sphere and the phenomena of rate assimilation [2,6]. Studies of the relationship between the efficiency of music-rhythm stimulation with significant characteristics of bioelectric activity of the brain are important for the use of such stimulation to individualize learning and enhance the training effect at aerobics classes [1, 4].
The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of exercise and sound accompaniment with different rhythm and tempo on brain bioelectrical activity.
Materials and methods. The integrated assessment of brain bioelectrical activity was made using a computer electroencephalographic complex "Neuron-Spectrum" (produced by SPA "Neurosoft", Ivanovo city, Russia). Electroencephalogram was recorded in the monopolar configuration in the following leads: F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4, O1, O2 according to the "10-20%" principle. The integral reference electrode was placed on the lobes of the left and right ears of the subject, and the grounding one - on his right wrist. A group of 36 girls aged 17-20 was formed. The survey was carried out three times:
-
At rest (before load);
-
Immediately after the load performed during aerobic training with different rhythm and tempo structure (RTS): RTS1 - 115-125 bpm, RTS2 - 125-140 bpm and RTS3 - 140-160 bpm lasting 20-25 minutes each (defined in the table row "Background music");
-
During and right after listening to the music of the corresponding RTS.
Results and discussion. The analysis of the amplitude characteristics of the basic EEG rhythms in the leads of the right and left hemispheres has revealed some statistically significant differences in certain leads. Based on the data presented in Table 1, it becomes obvious that an increase in the rhythm and tempo structure of aerobics classes up to 125 bpm leads to a decrease in the average amplitude of the beta rhythm, which indicates a decrease in the adaptive processes, reduction of the level of functional status and optimal performance. During the classes with the rhythm and tempo structure of 140-160 bpm, a statistically significant increase is marked in the average amplitude of the alpha rhythm (more pronounced in the left cervical leads), which testifies to the reduction of the trait and state anxiety, improvement of cortico-subcortical relations, providing the background for normal human life. With the rhythm and tempo structure of 140-160 bpm there is an increase in the average amplitude of the delta rhythm, indicating a decrease in the cortical tone and strengthening of the inhibitory processes.
As seen from Table 2, the highest increase in the alpha and beta rhythms takes place after the classes with the rhythm and tempo structure of 115-125 bpm, suggesting that the level of functional status of the body and its readiness for physical loading increase. Further increase in the rhythm and tempo structure of the classes up to 125-140 bpm causes the reduction of the power of these rhythms, which indicates pronounced psycho-emotional fatigue, decreased attention concentration and developing fatigue. With the rhythm and tempo structure of 140-160 bpm, we observe an increase in the maximum power of delta rhythm, which is regarded as reflection of the increase in the CNS inhibitory processes, including those of protective nature, as well as the highest nervous and emotional tension of the body in response to physical load.
Conclusions. When exposed to load with the rhythm and tempo structure of 115-125 bpm, improvement of attention level, associated with emotional arousal, and an increase in the functional activity of the brain are observed. An increase in the rhythm and tempo structure of aerobics classes over 125 bpm leads to psycho-emotional fatigue and performance decrement. Further rhythm increase contributed to strengthening of the inhibitory processes and at the same time activation of the regulatory systems of the brain.
References
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Table 1. Average amplitude of brain rhythms of students during classes with different rhythm and tempo structure, Ме(Q25; Q75)
|
Lead |
Music test |
EEG rhythm |
Before load |
After load with RTS1 |
After load with RTS2 |
After load with RTS3 |
|
C4 |
Background music |
Alpha |
2.00 (2.00;5.00) |
3.00 (2.00;5.00) |
2.00 (2.00;3.00) |
2.00** (2.00;2.00) |
|
Beta |
2.00 (1.00;2.00) |
2.50* (2.00;4.00) |
2.00 (1.00;2.50) |
1.50** (1.00;2.00) |
||
|
C3 |
Background music |
Beta |
1.00 (1.00;2.00) |
2.00* (1.50;2.00) |
2.00 (1.00;2.00) |
2.00 (1.00;2.00) |
|
After listening to music with RTS1 |
Beta |
1.00 (1.00;2.00) |
2.00* (1.00;2.00) |
2.00 (1.00;2.00) |
2.00 (1.00;2.00) |
|
|
After listening to music with RTS2 |
Beta |
1.00 (1.00;2.00) |
2.00* (1.00;2.00) |
2.00 (1.00;2.00) |
2.00 (1.00;2.00) |
|
|
P4 |
Background music |
Alpha |
11.00 (7.00;13.50) |
11.00 (7.50;12.00) |
11.00 (8.50;18.50) |
9.00* (7.50;12.50) |
|
Delta |
11.00 (7.00;13.50) |
11.00 (7.50;12.00) |
11.00 (8.50;18.50) |
9.00* (7.50;12.50) |
||
|
After listening to music with RTS1 |
Alpha |
10.00 (7.00;12.50) |
9.00 (7.50;10.50) |
11.00* (7.50;15.00) |
10.00 (7.50;12.00) |
|
|
Delta |
10.00 (7.00;12.50) |
9.00 (7.50;10.50) |
11.00* (7.50;15.00) |
10.00 (7.50;12.00) |
||
|
After listening to music with RTS2 |
Alpha |
10.00 (7.50;14.50) |
10.00 (8.50;13.00) |
11.00* (9.00;16.50) |
10.00 (7.50;13.50) |
|
|
P3 |
Background music |
Alpha |
10.00 (6.00;13.00) |
10.00*** (7.00;14.00) |
11.00* (8.00;16.50) |
10.00 (7.50;11.50) |
|
Beta |
5.00 (4.00;6.50) |
5.00 (4.00;5.00) |
4.00* (3.50;5.00) |
5.00 (4.00;5.50) |
||
|
After listening to music with RTS3 |
Delta |
10.00 (7.00;11.00) |
9.00 (7.00;13.00) |
10.00 (8.00;16.00) |
8.00* (7.50;11.50) |
|
|
F3 |
After listening to music with RTS1 |
Beta |
5.00 (4.00;6.50) |
5.00 (4.00;7.00) |
4.00** (3.50;6.50) |
5.00 (4.00;5.00) |
|
After listening to music with RTS2 |
Delta |
7.00 (5.50;8.50) |
8.00* (5.50;9.00) |
7.00* (6.00;9.50) |
8.00 (6.00;9.50) |
|
|
O2 |
Background music |
Beta |
6.00 (4.00;6.50) |
7.00 (5.50;8.00) |
5.00** (4.50;6.00) |
7.00 (5.50;8.50) |
|
After listening to music with RTS1 |
Alpha |
16.00 (7.50;19.50) |
13.00 (8.00;21.00) |
↓13.00 (10.00;21.50) |
19.00* (9.50;30.50) |
|
|
Delta |
16.00 (7.50;19.50) |
13.00 (8.00;21.00) |
↓13.00 (10.00;21.50) |
19.00* (9.50;30.50) |
||
|
After listening to music with RTS1 |
Beta |
5.00 (6.00;8.00) |
7.00* (6.00;8.00) |
5.00** (4.00;7.00) |
6.00 (5.00;9.50) |
|
|
After listening to music with RTS2 |
Delta |
15.00 (6.50;19.00) |
18.00* (9.50;23.50) |
↓15.00 (9.00;23.00) |
19.00* (9.50;31.00) |
|
|
After listening to music with RTS2 |
Alpha |
18.00 (7.00;20.00) |
18.00 (12.50;23.50) |
16.00 (9.00;23.50) |
20.00* (9.50;30.00) |
|
|
After listening to music with RTS3 |
Beta |
6.00 (4.00;7.50) |
7.00 (6.00;7.00) |
5.00** (5.00;7.00) |
6.00 (5.00;8.50) |
|
|
O1 |
Background music |
Beta |
6.00 (4.00;8.50) |
7.00 (5.50;8.00) |
5.00** (4.00;7.00) |
6.00 (4.50;8.50) |
|
Alpha |
16.00 (6.00;18.00) |
14.00 (8.50;24.50) |
15.00 (6.00;21.00) |
18.00* (8.00;26.00) |
||
|
After listening to music with RTS1 |
Beta |
6.00 (4.00;7.50) |
6.00* (6.00;7.00) |
5.00** (4.50;6.50) |
6.00 (4.50;7.50) |
|
|
After listening to music with RTS2 |
Delta |
14.00 (9.00;23.50) |
16.00* (6.50;22.50) |
15.00 (6.50;18.00) |
17.00* (8.00;29.00) |
Note. * – statistically significant difference (p<0.05) of the index compared to that before load.
** – statistically significant difference (p<0.05) of the index compared to that after load with RTS1.
*** – statistically significant difference (p<0.05) of the index compared to that after load with RTS2.
↓ – statistically significant decrease in the index compared to that after load with RTS3
↑ – statistically significant increase in the index compared to that after load with RTS3.
Table 2. Maximum power of brain rhythms of students during classes with different rhythm and tempo structure, Ме(Q25; Q75)
|
Lead |
Music test |
EEG rhythm |
Before load |
After load with RTS1 |
After load with RTS2 |
After load with RTS3 |
|
C4 |
Background music |
Alpha |
0.39 (0.22;1.10) |
0.47* (0.26;2.62) |
0.42 (0.19;1.57) |
0.25 (0.18;0.34) |
|
Beta |
0.11 (0.08;0.24) |
0.23* (0.13;0.80) |
0.13 (0.08;0.60) |
0.12 (0.09;0.19) |
||
|
After listening to music with RTS3 |
Beta |
0.17 (0.14;0.25) |
0.21* (0.18;0.43) |
0.18 (0.14;0.23) |
0.20 (0.16;0.25) |
|
|
Delta |
1.95 (0.63;2.34) |
2.61 (1.02;5.30) |
2.21 (0.76;14.40) |
3.66* (1.92;12.59) |
||
|
Р4 |
After listening to music with RTS1 |
Beta |
0.93 (0.45;1.94) |
1.25 (0.76;2.56) |
1.49* (0.77;2.63) |
1.15 (0.64;1.98) |
|
After listening to music with RTS2 |
Alpha |
8.65 (2.68;10.52) |
6.66 (3.22;12.00) |
4.43* (10.09;23.84) |
5.54 (3.16;15.84) |
|
|
Theta |
4.04 (2.48;5.00) |
4.72 (2.63;11.17) |
3.83* (2.64;4.73) |
4.81 (2.56;9.34) |
||
|
After listening to music with RTS3 |
Alpha |
5.65 (2.36;10.17) |
4.25 (2.95;22.53) |
9.08* (4.29;22.53) |
6.29 (2.91;8.54) |
|
|
Delta |
13.24 (7.72;28.56) |
17.42 (10.80;128.12) |
21.31 (12.90;108.05) |
25.52* (13.19;50.63) |
||
|
P3 |
Background music |
Delta |
14.33 (8.26;21.43) |
39.28* (19.12;73.99) |
23.53 (14.57;69.66) |
17.92 (12.68;45.10) |
|
After listening to music with RTS2 |
Alpha |
4.83 (2.33;9.95) |
6.21 (3.57;12.66) |
9.45* (3.28;28.97) |
5.42 (2.86;14.27) |
|
|
Delta |
13.39 (11.53;28.68) |
↓25.48 (9.82;51.02) |
16.49 (11.77;25.73) |
26.39* (13.67;52.38) |
||
|
F4 |
After listening to music with RTS1 |
Theta |
3.46 (2.11;4.16) |
5.75* (3.28;29.14) |
3.28 (2.58;4.64) |
5.01 (2.69;9.22) |
|
F3 |
After listening to music with RTS1 |
Beta |
0.80 (0.44;1.10) |
1.10* (0.74;1.74) |
1.02 (0.56;1.27) |
0.84 (0.60;1.02) |
|
Theta |
3.86 (2.51;4.75) |
5.48* (3.04;25.64) |
2.58** (2.05;5.63) |
3.51** (3.00;3.97) |
||
|
O2 |
Background music |
Alpha |
5.79 (1.86;14.26) |
5.98 (1.85;14.54) |
7.01* (4.11;15.485) |
6.17 (3.25;13.05) |
|
Theta |
4.03 (2.45;4.90) |
3.91 (2.32;4.96) |
3.60 (2.55;6.36) |
4.23* (3.63;6.97) |
Note. RTS 1 – rhythm-tempo structure of 115-125 bpm.
RTS 2 – rhythm-tempo structure of 125–140 bpm.
RTS 3 – rhythm-tempo structure of 140–160 bpm.
Note. * – statistically significant difference (p<0.05) of the index compared to that before load.
** – statistically significant difference (p<0.05) of the index compared to that after load with RTS1.
*** – statistically significant difference (p<0.05) of the index compared to that after load with RTS2.
↓ – statistically significant decrease in the index compared to that after load with RTS3.
Corresponding author: kapil@yandex.ru
