R.R. Minabutdinov, trainer of the masters' team "University", Izhevsk

Keywords: functional fitness, individual differences, age, body length.

Relevance. Scientific achievements and its recommendations are an important factor in the growth of sports skills in handball, in effectiveness forecasting and quality assessment. It becomes necessary to study the laws of the implementation process in training of athletes' individual and personality traits and potential in detail. It is particularly difficult to solve this problem in sport games, since success depends on a combination of factors with different degrees of interdependence at different phases of the long-term sports training. And very few researches are dedicated to the female contingent of players [1, 3].

The purpose of the study was to assess the level of functional fitness of highly skilled female handball players of different ages and with different body length in the competitive period of the macrocycle.

Organization of research. A medicobiological test of functional fitness of 19 female handball players of the masters' team "University" was carried out. Cardiodiagnostics was performed using the Dushanin-Karlenko's D&T-test in the Scientific Research Laboratory of Functional Diagnostics of Technical University, Izhevsk, under the guidance of doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor I.G. Gibadullin [2, 4].

Research results. Minimum and maximum values of the detected indicators of functional fitness in players of the women's handball team differed significantly. Therefore, the functional state of handball players was analyzed after dividing them on the basis of age and body length to reveal their fitness characteristics. The pooled data from two measurements during the competition period were analyzed.

Athletes in the age of 17 to 32 years play in the examined handball team. These athletes differ in their training experience, so they have specific fitness features.

Table 1 shows data on functional fitness of female handball players of different age in the studied team, and Figure 1 shows the ratio of the indicators.

Table  1. Functional fitness indicators of female handball players of different age, Х± σ

Some differences were detected in the AE capacity and AT indicators, %, but they were insignificant.

In the indicators of AN capacity, AN utilization, AE utilization, and MOC the differences in the values were detected only between middle-aged (22-25) and senior (26-35 years) female handball players. Senior players had better indicators of AE utilization and MOC. As for other indicators, female handball players aged 22-25 years had an advantage.

The AT Heart Rate values (bpm) of senior female handball players were significantly higher than those of younger ones and did not differ from those of middle-aged players.

Figure 1. Ratio of functional fitness indicators in the competitive period in female handball players of different age

Some athletes in the women’s handball team had the body length of 162 to 194 cm. A comparative analysis of the functional state of the female players was carried out taking into account their body length to detect the characteristics of the players’ fitness based on this indicator. Table 2 presents the data and Figure 2 shows the ratio of the data. 

Table 2. Functional fitness indicators of female handball players having different body length, Х±σ

In terms of MOC and AT, %, some differences were detected between all categories of the athletes, but they were insignificant. Hence, these important characteristics are not determinative when customizing the training of highly skilled female handball players with different body length.

Significant differences were detected between players with different body length in terms of AN capacity. Female handball players 170-180 cm tall had the highest indicators, while those over 180 cm tall had the lowest one.

AE capacity, AE utilization, AN utilization, AT Heart Rate (bpm) of tall female handball players were significantly lower than those of athletes with the average body length of 175-180 cm. No significant differences were detected in the indicators of the shortest and the tallest athletes.

 Figure 2. Ratio of functional fitness indicators in the competitive period in female handball players of different body length

Conclusion

1. Individualization of physical load is required when training female handball players in the age group over 26 years old. Their functional state in terms of aerobic endurance is significantly lower than of younger players. Apparently, they need a gentle mode. The fitness indicators of other two age categories of female handball players did not differ much.
2. The physical load for tall female handball players needs to be customized. Their overall energy fund is smaller than in athletes with different body length.

References

1. Alizar, T.A. Individualization of training of highly skilled female handball goalkeepers: abstract of Ph.D. thesis; RSUPhCSYT. – Мoscow, 2009. – 24 P. (In Russian)
2. Gibadullin, I.G. The structure of physical fitness and integrated control system in the long-term training of biathletes (monograph) - Izhevsk: Pub. h-se of IzhSTU, 2009. – 106 P. (In Russian)
3. Ignat'eva, V.Ya. Evaluation of training and competitive activities of highly skilled female handball players: abstract of Ph.D. thesis; SCOLIPhC. – Мoscow, 1983. – 23 P. (In Russian)
4. Karlenko, V.P. Using the computer technology, «D&K - TEST» in training of qualified athletes / V.P. Karlenko, N.V. Karlenko // All-Russian scientific-research institute of physical culture and sport. – Мoscow, 2003. – P. 134–136. (In Russian)

Corresponding author: otrada116@mail.ru