The concept of pedagogical control of long-term hemodynamic adaptation of ski racers

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A.V. Zakharova
Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin (Ekaterinburg).
Email: sport_tsp@mail.ru
 
Keywords: hemodynamic adaptation, pedagogical control, cross-country skiers.
 
Introduction. The process of developing aerobic endurance in the sports activities of cross-country skiers is based on long-term hemodynamic adaptation to regularly imposed physical loads [1]. The relevance of the problem of pedagogical control over the hemodynamic adaptation of athletes is determined by the existence of theoretical prerequisites, the needs of sports practice, the social order formed by the strategic and regulatory documents of the physical culture and sports industry, as well as the advanced experience of monitoring the hemodynamic state of athletes in Russian and foreign scientific schools.
 
The aim of the research  is to substantiate the structure of the concept of pedagogical control over the long-term hemodynamic adaptation of cross-country skiers to optimize the training process.
 
Results and discussion. The target block of the concept [2]: among the numerous hemodynamic adaptive changes in the functional system of athletes in endurance sports, the volumetric parameters of the heart remain the most important but least controlled. The technological basis of the basic block of the concept [2] is hemodynamic monitoring in the active orthostatic test using the impedance rheocardiography method, which allows determining the volumetric hemodynamic parameters – the end-diastolic volume of the athlete's heart in the supine position and in orthostasis, simulating the body position in competitive activities.
 
The content block of the concept includes model indicators of the hemodynamic state of cross-country skiers of different ages and criteria for assessing the degree of long-term hemodynamic adaptation by the relative end-diastolic volume of the heart, which serve as criteria for stage-by-stage control and sports selection, and reference indicators for the individualization of physical training, as well as an algorithm for interpreting the results of monitoring the long-term hemodynamic adaptation of athletes to manage sports training [1]. 
 
The applied block of the concept of pedagogical control over long-term hemodynamic adaptation describes its purpose: optimization of the training process based on the control results, namely ensuring objectivity and validity when making decisions on the content of training in macro- and mesocycles, determining the effectiveness of the training process, and clearance control for the intensification of physical loads during periods of intensive growth. 
 
Conclusions. The study of the influence of volumetric hemodynamic parameters of cross-country skiers on endurance indicators and sports success revealed a weak correlation before the athletes reach the junior age, at which a high level of hemodynamic adaptation becomes a critically important factor for sports success in cross-country skiing.
 
References
  1. Zakharova A.V., Rapoport L.A. Upravleniye gemodinamicheskoy adaptatsiyey sportsmenov tsiklicheskikh vidov sporta [Monitoring haemodynamic adaptation in athletes involved in cyclic sports]. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kultury. 2025. No. 12. Pp. 20-22.
  2.  
  3. Purysheva N.S., Gurina R.V. Struktura obrazovatelnoy kontseptsii v pedagogicheskikh issledovaniyakh [The structure of the educational concept in pedagogical research]. Obrazovanie i nauka. Izvestiya UrO RAO. 2006. No. 4(40). Pp. 12-20.

No. 7, pp. 24–24

Received: 12.01.2020 | Published: 26.06.2026

CC BY 4.0