The relationship between competition rule breaches and the technical and tactical readiness of kickboxers according to the k1 formula

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M.V. Gerasimov
The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Moscow, Russia).
Email: miron1964@yandex.ru
A.O. Mironov
The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Moscow, Russia).
D.V. Maltsev
The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Moscow, Russia).

No. 6, pp. 15–17

Received: 22.04.2026 | Published: 02.06.2026

CC BY 4.0

Abstract

Objective of the study is to identify the relationship between breaches of kickboxing competition rules and the technical and tactical readiness of qualified athletes in the K1 weight classes. Methods and structure of the study. Penalty points awarded by referees to competitors were counted. The indicators of technical and tactical preparedness for each competitor (activity, effectiveness and efficiency of attack) were calculated using formulas cited in the literature and modified for K1-style kickboxing. Results and conclusions. Indicators of technical and tactical preparedness in K1 kickboxing are high and are not associated with the number of penalty points received by athletes. The analysis also revealed a relatively low number of penalty points, which may indicate a high level of fair play in K1 kickboxing matches.

Keywords

K1 kickboxing, technical and tactical preparedness, competition rule violations, penalty points

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