O.N. Shimshieva, postgraduate
A.S. Snigirev, associate professor, Ph.D.
S.I. Loginov, professor, Dr.Biol.
Yu.S. Efimova, Ph.D.
Surgut state university of KhMAR-Yugra, Surgut

Key words: quasi-attractor, spectral parameters, adaptive response, organism.

Introduction. Achievement of high results in sport requires systematic implementation of large amounts of physical loads [5]. In the Yugra North adverse environmental and climatic conditions, which are generally characterized as uncomfortable, hamper rational organization of the training process [4]. This circumstance, coupled with underdeveloped material and technical base, forces athletes of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous district to travel to the South of Russia in training camps from time to time. But when changing geographic latitudes the athletes' body undergoes major physiological changes, which have been studied insufficiently up to date [3].

The purpose of the study was to examine the features of changes of athletes' cardiovascular indices under the influence of physical load when moving from the North to the South of the Russian Federation.

Materials and methods. 15 young women aged 15-18 years, specializing in sprint types of athletics, were involved in the study. All of them were members of the team of KhMAR-Yugra and first or second class athletes. Spectral characteristics of heart rate variability were studied before and after a standardized physical load (SPL) in the form of 30-second intensive run in place lifting hips high using the pulse oximeter "Elox-01C2" (Samara, Russia). Pulsogram was being recorded for 5 min in the sitting position at rest and after SPL. A total of 4 data clusters were acquired, and we labeled them as "Surgut-departure", "Kislovodsk-arrival", "Kislovodsk-departure", "Surgut-arrival". The obtained data were processed by the method of multidimensional phase spaces according to the technology [2]. The dynamics of parameters of the state vector of human body was analyzed in the four-dimensional phase space.

Results and discussion. The impact of the standardized load in different places of stay affected the bodies of girls in different ways. The total volume of the quasi-attractor influenced by SPL in the cluster SI among girls (Table 1) increased 5 times, indicating the initially highly random nature of the system. A similar load in the first days after arrival in Kislovodsk caused a slight decrease in volume, which corresponds to a small degree of randomness of the system. It can be assumed that reduced randomness can provoke mobilization of functional reserves of women’s bodies in response to the stress caused by the latitudinal displacement.

After two weeks, before departing from Kislovodsk, during SPL the quasi-attractor declined 3 times. In this case, the volume of the quasi-attractor, reflecting the spectral parameters, shows a significant degree of chaos that may be associated with adaptive reactions in response to the new natural and geographical conditions of the stay. Immediately after arrival in Surgut the volume of the quasi-attractor decreased, along with the degree of randomness. Thus, it can be assumed that the relocation back to the North was accompanied by re-activation of the functional systems of the girls’ bodies, reflected in the spectral indices of heart rate variability.

The key parameter of order that significantly affects the course of the vector of the spectral indices of HRV in KhMAR (Fig. A) is the LF indicator, which shows the activity of the sympathetic centers of the medulla, being realized mainly by means of impulses from the upper thoracic sympathetic ganglion.

Upon arrival in the training camp VLF was a key indicator of order, reflecting the activity of central ergotropic and humoral metabolic mechanisms of regulation of heart rate [1].

Table 1. Results of parameter identification of quasi-attractors in the 4-dimensional phase space of spectral indices of variation pulsogram in young females before and after physical load.

Legend: Х1 – VLF (spectral wave power in very low-frequency range); Х2 – LF (wave power in low-frequency range); Х3 – HF (wave power in high-frequency range); Х4 – LF/HF (vagosympathetic balance index); VX – total volume of quasi-attractor; rX – asymmetry index.

In the situation of changing external conditions the ergotropic system ensures homeostasis during physical activity in the new environment. Thus, we can assume that these regulatory mechanisms are aimed at preserving the relative constancy of the internal environment of the body. At the beginning and at the end of the training camp VLF was the key indicator of order, which was even more pronounced on arrival home (compared to B and C), changing the system of spectral characteristics in general.

Fig. 1. Results of identification of the indicator of order of the body state vector of young females before and after physical load exclusive of diagnostic features. А. Surgut-departure; B. Kislovodsk-arrival; C. Kislovodsk-departure; D. Surgut-arrival. X-axis – spectral power indices, Y-axis –values of indices, c.u.

Conclusions. Thus, the most random parameters of quasi-attractors in the 4-dimensional phase space of spectral indices of the variation pulsogram before and after load are expressed among girls in Surgut before departure and in Kislovodsk before leaving.

According to the analysis of spectral characteristics of heart rate variability, the bodies of female track and field athletes of Yugra respond to the standardized load by changing the key indicator of order aimed at the urgent adaptation of the body to changing conditions.

References

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3. Povzun, A.A. Comparative analysis of seasonal changes in the body adaptabilities of female skiers in terms of biorhythm / A.A. Povzun, V.A. Grigor'ev, V.V. Apokin, Yu.S. Efimova // Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kultury. – 2010. – № 8. – P. 95–99. (In Russian)
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Corresponding author: apokin_vv@mail.ru