Research into the body composition of young women engaged in combat sports

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PhD, Associate Professor I.N. Nikulin1
D.R. Bareeva2
S.V. Klimenko1
O.V. Beketov3
1Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod
2Рeter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg
3Russian National Aikido Board, Belgorod

Objective of the study is to identify the body composition of female wrestlers in comparison with their peers who do not participate in sports.
Methods and structure of the study. 14 female student athletes practising martial arts, including aikido, arm wrestling, sambo, karate and taekwondo, as well as 14 girls who do not practise sports, took part in the descriptive experiment. The athletes were aged 17-23. Their qualifications were: candidate for master of sports (8), master of sports of Russia (5), and master of sports of Russia of international class (1). All athletes are members of national teams of the Russian Federation or Russia. Body composition and somatotype were assessed using bioimpedance analysis with a study of body mass composition, followed by a comparison of indicators. The bioimpedance method consisted of hardware measurement of the electrical conductivity of human body tissues. To obtain data on the qualitative composition of the subjects' bodies, the ABC-02 MEDASS body composition analyser was used.
Results and conclusions. Visualisation of the data obtained in the study of the somatotype of female athletes using Sheldon's two-dimensional model showed that 8 people corresponded to the endomorph type of varying degrees of severity, four to the balanced mesomorph type, and two to the ectomorph type. This indicates a dominant mesomorph type. A significant advantage was found for female wrestlers over non-athletes in terms of the main indicators of body composition: active cell mass, skeletal muscle mass, the proportion of skeletal muscle mass in lean mass, and fat mass.

Keywords: body composition, bioimpedance analysis, somatotype, combat sports, mesomorphy, fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, active cell mass.

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