Zadorozhnaya N.A.
Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sports and Health, Saint-Petersburg

Bolotova I.A.
Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sports and Health, Saint-Petersburg

Merkushev I.A.
Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sports and Health, Saint-Petersburg

Keywords: sports injury, medical control, medical and biological support for athletes' training, physical exertion, and genetic determinism.

Introduction. Sports injuries account for 2-5% of all injuries. Injuries and traumatic diseases account for more than 44% of all pathologies in athletes. Sports injuries are the main reason for 9.3% of athletes to stop participating in sports [1, 2].
The purpose of this study is to identify and systematize data on the level and structure of sports injuries during physical education and sports activities.
Research methodology and organization. The study was conducted at the Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health among coaches who had completed the additional postgraduate education program "First Aid in Emergency Situations." The study involved 80 coaches from various specialties, aged 25 to 45, with 5 to 20 years of experience in their field, with 58% female and 42% male participants. A semi-structured interview method was used to analyze the causes of sports injuries, which included 10 blocks of leading questions.
Research results and their discussion. According to the survey data, the leading causes of sports injuries include shortcomings and errors in the training methods, as well as violations in the organization of the training process and competitions. The medical and biological causes include factors such as non-compliance with the terms of admission after illnesses and injuries, poor nutrition that does not match the specific nature of the sport and the intensity of the activities, and the admission of individuals to sports activities and competitions without undergoing medical examinations.
Among the secondary reasons, the respondents attributed violations in the organization and conduct of competitions, poor quality of refereeing, allowing rough and risky techniques. Along with this, among the secondary factors of the medical and biological orientation, the coaches identified the individual characteristics of the athlete's body, which have a genetic determinism. Genetics can affect physical characteristics such as bone mineral density, muscle strength and flexibility, as well as neuromuscular coordination, which can indirectly affect the risk of injury.
Conclusions. Sports injury is not a pathological condition that will inevitably occur. Properly organized training and competition processes, as well as timely passing of the UMO, will ensure the minimization of injuries and diseases among athletes, and will also contribute to achieving high sports results due to rational planning and timely adjustment of training loads.

Reference

1. Zadorozhnaya, N. A., & Bolotova, I. A. (2023). Osobennosti provedeniya teoreticheskikh i prakticheskikh zanyatiy po okazaniyu pervoy pomoshchi pri neotlozhnykh sostoyaniyakh sredi professorsko-prepodavatel’skogo sostava NGU im. P. F. Lesgafta [Features of conducting theoretical and practical classes on first aid in emergencies among the faculty of Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health]. In Nauka i tekhnologii v sfere fizicheskoy kul’tury i sporta: Materialy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii nauchno-pedagogicheskikh rabotnikov NGU im. P. F. Lesgafta, 22–31 maya 2023 goda (pp. 201–204). Saint Petersburg: Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health.