Khodanovich A.N.
Velikiye Luki State Academy of Physical Education and Sports, Velikiye Luki

Keywords: heart rate variability, attention distribution, reaction to a moving object, PZMR, orienteering, ski orienteering, SZMR, biomauza.

Introduction. The scientific literature presents many studies devoted to the functional training of athletes. However, the issues related to the features of sensorimotor reactions and heart rate variability (HRV) in orienteers specializing in ski disciplines during the competitive period remain insufficiently studied [2].
The purpose of the study is to determine the characteristics of HRV indicators, sensorimotor reactions, and attention distribution in highly qualified orienteering athletes specializing in cross-country skiing during the competitive period.
Research methodology and organization. The software and hardware complex "Biomouse Research KPF-01b", CJSC "NeuroLab", Russia, was used to register the parameters of VSR, simple visual-motor reaction (SVR), complex visual-motor reaction (CVMR), and attention distribution (AD). The study involved 21 athletes (13 men and 8 women). The participants were qualified as candidates for Master of Sports and Master of Sports of Russia, including 17 athletes who were part of the Russian national ski orienteering team. The results were compared between the male and female groups. The testing was conducted during the Russian Ski Orienteering Championship (Gornozavodsk, Perm Krai, December 3-16, 2022), at the beginning of the competitive period for ski orienteering athletes.
Research results and their discussion. Analysis of the HRV data did not reveal statistically significant differences in the registered indicators between the sexes. The indicator of the activity of the regulation processes obtained during the study exceeds the average values for athletes (31 units). The stress index is also higher than the average values in athletes engaged in sports with a predominant manifestation of endurance (37 units) [1].
The average PZMR time for female orienters was 233.50±12.12 ms, and the number of missed stimuli was 1.88±0.99. For male orienters, the average PZMR time was 231.00±21.17 ms, and the number of missed stimuli was 0.77±0.83. The number of missed stimuli was significantly higher for women by 143.75% (p<0.05).
The average reaction time for women was 422.38±44.12 ms, and for men it was 381.69±29.37 ms. Men had a significantly faster reaction time, by 10.66%. In the RV study, the average response time for women was 2423.50±634.07 ms, while the average response time for men was 2013.23±338.00 ms, which is 20.37% faster than for women.
Conclusions. During the testing, the indicators of HRV and sensorimotor reactions of orienteering athletes specializing in ski orienteering were established at the beginning of the competitive period. Women have a higher rate of missed stimuli in PZMR. Male orienteers demonstrate a faster reaction to stimuli in SZMR and RV.

References

1. Bayevsky, R.M. (2003) 'Analiz variabel'nosti serdechnogo ritma: istoriya i filosofiya, teoriya i praktika' [Analysis of heart rate variability: history and philosophy, theory and practice], Vestnik Kharkovskogo natsional'nogo universiteta im. V.N. Karazina. Seriya Meditsina [Bulletin of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Medicine Series], 5(581), pp. 14-15.
2. Khodanovich, A.N. (2025) 'Pokazateli variabel'nosti serdechnogo ritma i sensomotornykh reaktsiy orientirovshchikov v podgotovitel'nom periode' [Indicators of heart rate variability and sensorimotor reactions of orienteers in the preparatory period], Sovremennye voprosy biomeditsiny [Modern Issues of Biomedicine], 9(2), pp. 176-182.