PhD, Associate Professor Bakhareva N.S.
Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar

PhD Gordeeva E.K.
Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar

Manzhola ​A.A.
Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar

Keywords: somatometric characteristics, body types, and body structure variants.

Introduction. An analysis of the literature shows that the main reason for the discussion in the field of body composition is not the number or characteristics of the somatotypes, but rather the different understanding of the principles of their classification [1, 2]. The main requirement for the classification of body composition is to understand the initial object of systematization, which is the continuous interaction of typifying factors: all people are divided into asthenics, normosthenics, and hypersthenics, depending on the ratio of longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the skeleton [1].
The aim of the study is to determine approaches to determining the types and variants of human body structure.
Methods and organization of the study. A search for information was conducted in the databases eLIBRARY, PubMed, Google using the keywords "somatotype", "morphometry", "somatometry". A morphometric examination was conducted on 128 men and 177 women aged 18 to 22 years; the body mass index and body composition index were studied [2].
Research results and their discussion. Normal variation of typifying factors gives rise to 3 types of interaction between them, each of which reflects the first stage of dividing the object into basic types of classification. An important aspect of this stage of systematization should be strict consistency of classification conditions, i.e. all secondary factors that can modulate the expression of basic types and thus increase the number of their possible states. Any change in conditions immediately abolishes all the original types of body structure and replaces them with numerous variants of interfactor interaction, which indicates the second stage of object detailization. The conditions are characterized by their infinite variety, as well as their indirect and inconsistent nature, which means that the number of possible body structure patterns can be in the tens or hundreds. A careful examination of these patterns reveals that each combination of features represents some aspect of a basic body structure type.
Conclusion. Thus, if the studied population is divided not into three, but into a larger number of "types" of body structure, then this indicates an incorrect choice of the initial object of systematization or non-compliance with the classification conditions, which allows for any number of body structure variants, completely eliminates the identification of true types of human constitution, and gives classifications a poorly comparable nature.

Reference

1. Chernorutskiy, M. V. (1928). Uchenie o konstitutsii. Chastnaya patologiya i terapiya vnutrennikh bolezney [The doctrine of constitution. Private pathology and therapy of internal diseases] (Vol. 4). Gosizdat. (Original work edited by G. F. Lang & D. D. Pletnev)
2. Sheikh-Zade, Yu. R., Baybakov, S. E., Bakhareva, N. S., et al. (2014). Klyuchevye voprosy teorii teloslozheniya cheloveka [Key issues of human body composition theory]. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seriya Antropologiya, 4, 31-41.