Dr. Psych., Professor Slobodchikov I.M.
Moscow State University of Sport and Tourism, Moscow

Dr. Med., Professor Kosolapov A.B.
Moscow State University of Sport and Tourism, Moscow

PhD Solovyova A.V.
Moscow State University of Sport and Tourism, Moscow

Keywords: end of sports career, problems of social adaptation of athletes, professional orientation of athletes, sports university.

Introduction. The problems of professional orientation of athletes in the post-competition period are multifaceted and relevant at the moment [1–3]. Scientists point out that the effectiveness of professional orientation depends on the knowledge of sports university specialists, the socio-psychological aspects of the post-competition period.
The purpose of this study is to identify the socio-psychological aspects of the post-competition period in athletes' lives as a basis for their professional orientation.
Research results and their discussion. The first group of aspects that determine the effectiveness of career guidance activities includes the reasons for leaving sports. Based on a survey of more than 200 highly qualified athletes who are at the end of their careers, it was determined that the leading factors in this group include injuries (66%), poor funding (22%), and a decrease in athletic performance (16%). The second group of factors includes the subjective characteristics of the end-of-career crisis. Among them, the main ones are the distribution of time not only for oneself, unpreparedness for life, a feeling of emptiness – something important in life is lost, there is a lack of former emotions, there is no rehabilitation program and state assistance, a free schedule, and no strict regime. The third group of factors is coping strategies for overcoming the crisis. The main ones are: finding a job that can overshadow sports (38%), finding hobbies (16%), getting an education and feeling social support (9% each), and thinking about the future in advance (6%). The fourth group is a set of personal qualities of a sporty nature that allow you to be effective in new circumstances: determination and desire for results (49%), willpower and perseverance (15%), discipline and stress resistance (15%), diligence and sociability (9% each). The fifth group is awareness of the preferred areas of employment for athletes. Sports and physical education: managers, event organizers, and coaches (40%), sports-related government agencies (38%), gyms and fitness centers (37%), and business and education (6% each).
Conclusions. As a result of the study, 5 groups of characteristics of the post-competition period of athletes were identified, which determine the effectiveness of career guidance activities, as well as the success of their further employment and competitiveness. The consideration of these characteristics should become an important area of activity for a sports university.

Reference

1. Bayer, V. V. (2010). Osobennosti protsessov vosstanovleniya gimnastok v postsorevnovatel'nom periode [Features of recovery processes of gymnasts in the post-competition period]. Slobozhanskyy nauchno-sportivnyy vestnik, 2(22), 168-170.
2. Gaponenko, E. I. (2018). Osobennosti proforientatsii abiturientov - sportsmenov [Features of career guidance for applicants-athletes]. Forum molodykh uchenykh, 1(17), 259-263.
3. Myagkova, E. S. (2018). Sovremennye problemy proforientatsii sportsmenov - vypusknikov shkol [Modern problems of career guidance for athletes-school graduates]. Professional'noe obrazovanie v Rossii i za rubezhom, 4(32), 75-79.