Malinovsky M.S.
Kuban State University of Education, Sport and Tourism, Krasnodar

Dr. Hab., Associate Professor Arishin A.V.
Kuban State University of Education, Sport and Tourism, Krasnodar

Dr. Hab., Professor Pogrebnoy A.I.
Kuban State University of Education, Sport and Tourism, Krasnodar

Objective of the study was to identify the dynamics of the kinematic parameters of the stroke technique in swimmers aged 13-14 years within the structure of an annual cycle.

Methods and structure of the study. Twenty-eight swimmers aged 13-14 years with I-II sports qualifications participated in the experiment. To assess the level of technical preparedness, a method of computer video analysis of the swimmer's movements was used while swimming a distance of 25 m front crawl at maximum speed. In addition, the anthropometric indicators of the swimmers were measured and an analysis of training loads was carried out. The material was processed using methods of mathematical statistics.
Results and conclusions. Among swimmers training according to the generally accepted programme, only 7 of the 12 kinematic indicators studied showed significant changes over the course of the year. The observed increase in the speed and acceleration parameters of the hand movement in the pull phase indicates a decrease in the quality of the stroke, while the speed and acceleration parameters of the hand movement in the push phase did not show significant changes. The discrepancies found in the speed indicators in the main phases of the stroke may be the result of excessive force loads, in which the maximum effort is exerted at the beginning of the movement and negatively affects the formation of kinematic indicators in the pull-up phase, which in turn dictates the need to combine physical and technical training.
The pace of movements showed a significant decrease during the year, while the length of the ‘stroke’ increased significantly only by the end of the year. The observed increase in the depth of hand immersion by the end of the year can be explained by the natural increase in anthropometric indicators. The maximum swimming speed showed significant dynamics only by the end of the year.
Thus, with the generally accepted training process, the changes in the stroke structure identified during the year indicate an ineffective ratio of its components. This is evidenced by an increase in the speed and acceleration of the hand movement in the pull phase and the absence of such in the push phase. This is also confirmed by the insufficient increase in maximum swimming speed, which improved significantly only by the end of the year.

Keywords: training stage, young swimmers, technical training, kinematic parameters, annual cycle.

References

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