Golovachev A.I.
Federal Science Center of Physical Culture and Sport (VNIIFK), Moscow

Kolykhmatov V.I.
Federal Science Center of Physical Culture and Sport (VNIIFK), Moscow

Shirokova S.V.
Federal Science Center of Physical Culture and Sport (VNIIFK), Moscow

Grushin A.A.
Innovation Center of the Russian Olympic Committee, Moscow

Objective of the study was to assess the relationship between the indicators of explosive leg strength of 18-20 year old cross-country skiers and their performance efficiency in the main starts at various distances of cross-country skiing in the 2023-2024 sports season.
Methods and structure of the study. The study involved 11 cross-country skiers aged 18-20 years with qualifications from CMS to MS. The study of the indicators of explosive power of the legs included performing jump exercises on a strain gauge platform from two legs with arm swings with maximum power from a static position at an angle of inclination in the knee joint of 120o. During the study, the following were recorded: the support reaction force, the time to reach maximum force, which ensured the calculation of the magnitude of the force gradient (absolute and relative values) characterizing the level of explosive power of the leg muscles. The obtained indicators were included in the program of correlation analysis with the results at the main starts of the sports season.
Results and conclusions. It was established that the effectiveness of performances at goal-setting starts turned out to be significantly dependent on the degree of development of maximum strength and the time of its achievement, forming a «strength gradient», the level of which differentiates the final result in races with a separate start (individual sprint and individual races) by absolute and with a common start (skiathlon and mass starts) by relative value, depending on the athletes body weight.

Keywords: cross-country skiing, athletes aged 18-20, explosive leg strength, sports result, cross-country skiing distances, correlation relationship.

References

1. Golovachev, A. I., Kolykhmatov, V. I., & Shirokova, S. V. (2018). Sovremennyye metodicheskiye podkhody kontrolya fizicheskoy podgotovlennosti v lyzhnykh gonkakh [Modern methodological approaches to monitoring physical fitness in cross­country skiing]. Vestnik sportivnoy nauki, 5, 11–17.
2. Golovachev, A. I., Kolykhmatov, V. I., & Shirokova, S. V. (2019). Modelnyye pokazateli fizicheskoy podgotovlennosti lyzhnits­gonshchits vysokoy kvalifikatsii pri podgotovke k XXIV zimnim Olimpiyskim igram 2022 goda v Pekine (Kitay) [Model indicators of physical fitness of highly qualified female cross­country skiers in preparation for the XXIV Winter Olympic Games 2022 in Beijing (China)]. Chelovek. Sport. Meditsina, 19(2), 81–87.
3. Deryabin, V. E. (2008). Kurs lektsiy po mnogomernoy biometrii dlya antropologov [Lecture course on multidimensional biometrics for anthropologists]. Moscow: [n.p.]. (Unpublished manuscript)
4. Carlsson, M., Carlsson, T., Hammarstrom, D., et al. (2014). Prediction of race performance of elite cross­country skiers by lean mass. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(6), 1040–1045. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013­0360
5. Ingjer, F. (1991). Maximal oxygen uptake as a predictor of performance ability in women and men elite cross­country skiers. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 1(1), 25–30.
6. Losnegard, T., & Hallén, J. (2014). Physiological differences between sprint and distance­specialized cross­country skiers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(1), 25–31. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.9.1.25
7. Sandbakk, Ø., & Holmberg, H. C. (2014). A reappraisal of success factors for Olympic cross­country skiing. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(1), 117–121. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.9.1.117
8. Sandbakk, O., Grasaas, C. Å., & Grasaas, E. (2013). Physiological determinants of sprint and distance performance level in elite cross­country skiers. In Proceedings of the 6th International Congress on Science and Skiing (p. 93). St. Christoph am Arlberg, Austria.