Ragulin S.V.,
Russian State University of Social Technologies, Moscow

Medvedev I.N., Professor, Dr. Med.
Russian State Social University, Moscow

Siverkina T.E., Associate Professor
State University of Management, Moscow

Keywords: football, types of working capacity, training process, students, physical abilities, sports.

Introduction. A serious basis for the health of the body is the optimum of its biological rhythms [1]. Their study is conducted in Russia has been around for a long time and from different perspectives, which has allowed us to accumulate solid material that can be applied in practice. It is firmly established that some people have maximum working capacity – in the morning they are "larks", others have it in the evening, they are called "owls". It becomes clear that taking into account the types of working capacity is necessary in all types of human activity, including in sports [2].
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the dynamics of physical abilities of students who are interested in football when building a training process, taking into account their types of performance.
Methodology and organization of research. The observation group consisted of 127 male students aged 18-19 who enrolled in the first year of university and expressed a desire to attend the football section. Using a standard questionnaire, the type of working capacity was determined for all the subjects. Taking into account the results of the assessment of the type of working capacity, the students were divided into a group of "larks" of 28 people, a group of "pigeons" of 36 people, a group of "owls" of 25 people and a general group including all types of working capacity ("larks" – 12 people, "pigeons" – 13 people, "owls" – 13 people). Football training sessions in the "larks" group were conducted in the morning – 800-1000 hours, in the "pigeons" group in the afternoon – 1200-1400 hours, in the "owls" group in the evening – 1800-2000 hours, in the general group training sessions were conducted in the afternoon – 1200-1400 hours. The questionnaire method and the testing method are applied. The results were processed using the Student's t-test.
The results of the study and their discussion. As a result of a six-month observation of groups of novice football players, it was possible to find differences in the achieved training performance. When playing football, taking into account the student's inherent type of performance, a comparable increase in sports skills was observed in the groups of "larks", "pigeons" and "owls", compared with the general group. The increase in performance in the general group was low compared to the initial state. In addition, in the general group after training, most of the students noted more pronounced fatigue, and their recovery time after exertion was about 30% longer than in the other groups of observed football players.
Conclusions. During the training process in football, it is important to take into account the chronobiological types of working capacity of those involved. This can significantly increase the level of training of novice athletes and reduce their fatigue from training. In addition, taking into account the type of working capacity leads to a greater commitment of students to sports activities without prejudice to their other activities.

References

1. Vorobyova N.V., Zavalishina S.Yu., Kichigina E.V., Ukolova G.B. Influence of regular classes in the general physical training section on the functional capabilities of the respiratory system of freshmen students. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoj kultury. 2024. No. 3. p.40.
2. Zavalishina S.Y., Makhov A.S. Physical education for functional optimization of young body. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoj kultury. 2022. No.1. p. 58.