Postgraduate student D.A. Verigo¹
Dr. Biol., Professor R.M. Gorodnichev^1
1Velikiye Luki State Academy of Physical Education and Sports, Velikiye Luki

Keywords: basketball, pushing effects, effectiveness of shots.

Introduction. Basketball players' contact interactions during the game are one of the important components of sports training. In modern basketball, the level of defensive actions has increased several times [1]. In this regard, the competitive activity of basketball players is characterized by a high activity of opposing opponents, which affects the effectiveness of attacking actions and requires special training of players [2].
The purpose of the study is to identify the categories of shots made by basketball players of professional and student teams under pushing influences in conditions of competitive activity.
Methodology and organization of the study. Video recordings of five matches of the players of the Student Basketball Association (ACB) and five matches of basketball clubs of the VTB – Zenit, CSKA United League in the 2022-2023 season were analyzed. The main types of throws that athletes performed during the game in the conditions of an active opponent's confrontation are determined. Game situations involving basketball players under the pushing influence of a defender were considered.
The results of the study and their discussion. Thrusting shots can be divided into five categories: ring attack after driving the ball; throw after playing "post" (the player receives the ball while near the ring and standing with his back to it, with an active contact struggle of the defender, then performs a U-turn facing the ring and makes a throw); throw after receiving a pass from a teammate; a throw after picking up the ball at the opponent's ring; an attacker's throw around the ring, when the defender exceeds the minimum permissible contact impact on the attacking player (foul).
In the analyzed games, professional teams made 629 shots at the opponent's ring, while 231 attacks were carried out with active defender resistance (36.7%). Amateur teams performed 766 ring shots, of which 270 (35.2%) were performed under pushing influences during contact wrestling with players of the opposing team.
The main method of attacking the ring with the external pushing effect of the defender for professional teams was a throw after driving the ball – 85 throws (38.6%). Students on offense also relied on this category – 141 shots (51.8%). Highly qualified players were much more likely than amateurs to use such a method of attacking the ring as playing "post" when opposing an opponent – 19.5% of all shots with the external influence of the defender. Whereas students used this technique in only 10% of cases. The implementation of throws in this category was the most effective for both professional players – 48.8% of accurate hits, and for student teams – 60% of accurate throws with external opponent resistance.
During matches, basketball players of professional teams often provoked fouls from defenders – 28% of all shots made with the opponent's resistance. At the same time, amateur student teams forced the opponent to break the rules on themselves in only 21.1% of cases. Basketball players of VTB United League clubs only occasionally made throws after picking up the ball at the opponent's ring – 5% of the total number of shots made under conditions of pushing influence. The players of the ASB teams used the "post" category throws the least often – 5.5% of all throws.
Conclusion. More than 35% of all shots in basketball matches are made during the contact confrontation of the opponent. The most common throw with active defender resistance in amateur and professional teams is the ring attack after driving the ball. The most effective category of shots with active defender resistance from professional players can be considered an attack through the use of the "post" position.

Literature

1. Wittman D.Yu. Factors influencing the result of competitive activity of basketball players / D.Yu. Wittman // Physical culture and sport in the life of students: mater. 3rd International Scientific and Practical Conference, Omsk, April 6-7, 2017 – Omsk: Omsk State Technical University, 2017. – pp. 56-60.
2. Kozin V.V. Improving the effectiveness of ball throws by young basketball players by coordinating motor actions in dynamic game situations / V.V. Kozin, A.A. Geraskin, A.V. Rodionov // Scientific notes of the P.F. Lesgaft University. – 2021. – № 10 (56). – Pp. 55-59.