Master's student A.V. Matyash¹
PhD, Associate Professor S.V. Dmitrieva^1
1Tyumen State University, Tyumen

Keywords: football, psychophysiological testing, visual-motor reactions, athletes 9-10 years old.

Introduction. The result of playing activity in football is influenced by a large number of factors, including the functional state of the central nervous system of athletes. The simplest and most accessible method reflecting the dynamics of the speed of nervous processes, their switching, the level of visual-motor coordination, the overall level of efficiency and activity of the central nervous system is the assessment of the characteristics of visual-motor reactions [1].
The aim of the study is the development of visual–motor reactions in football players aged 9-10 years.
Methodology and organization of the study. The scientific experiment was conducted on the basis of the football club "Leader" (Tyumen), which was attended by 15 athletes born in 2013. Express diagnostics of the functional state of the central nervous system of athletes was determined by the indicators of chronoreflexometry - a simple and complex visual–motor reaction, using a portable device for psychophysiological testing UPFT-1/30 "Psychophysiologist". Testing of a simple visual-motor reaction (PMR) makes it possible to assess the functional state of the central nervous system of football players, and a complex visual-motor reaction (SPMR) – the study of the processes of excitation, inhibition and mobility of nervous processes.
The results of the study and their discussion. The results of PZMR showed that 40% of football players, the average reaction time is normal, and 60% – below normal. Analyzing the total number of errors, it can be concluded that only 40% of the athletes of the group were able to cope with the test correctly, and the rest made one or more mistakes. The integral reliability index is lower than the average values for the majority (53%) of football players. Testing aimed at assessing the SPMR showed that all the subjects had a normal reaction time, at the same time 93% of football players made two or more mistakes during testing. The integral indicator in the majority (73%) of children is lower than the average values. The analysis of the results shows that the coach needs to pay special attention to athletes with a high total number of errors and a long response time to signals.
To solve this problem, we have developed and implemented a set of measures into the training process of football players aged 9-10 years, which included: tasks and questions to activate the mental activity of football players; informative and brief verbal instructions; pedagogical control; psychotechnical games and exercises ("Fly", "Team", "Focus", "Scout", "The Lame Monkey") [3].
Repeated testing of the functional state of the athletes' central nervous system showed that the results of simple and complex visual-motor reactions significantly improved in the children. After the formative experiment, 67% of the surveyed athletes had an average reaction time that was normal, while the initial number was 40%. Also, the indicators of the integral reliability indicator in PZMR (from 47% to 67%) and SPMR (from 27% to 67%) improved.
Conclusions. The obtained results served as a starting point for the introduction into the training process of a set of measures aimed at developing the attention of athletes. The main and main link of this work was the conduct of psychotechnical games and exercises. Repeated testing indicates that athletes have significantly improved the results of simple and complex visual-motor reactions, most of them correspond to the norm.

Literature

1. Ignatova Yu.P. Visual-motor reactions as an indicator of the functional state of the central nervous system / I.I. Makarova, K.N. Yakovleva, A.V. Aksenova // Ulyanovsk Medico-Biological Journal. – 2019. – No. 3. – pp. 38-39 p.