Hypoxic training in the physical prepearing of a beach soccer team

ˑ: 

Dr. Biol. A.S. Radchenko1
Head coach of beach soccer team “Lokomotiv” Moscow, A.B. Elizarov2
Medical equipment engineer A.A. Radchenko3
1St. Petersburg University of Humanities and Social Sciences, St. Petersburg
2Professional beach soccer club “Lokomotiv”, Moscow
3Children's and youth school of the Olympic reserve No. 3 of the Kalininsky district of St. Petersburg

Abstract
Objective of the study was to identify the effectiveness of using a combination of interval hypoxic preconditioning (HP) and normobaric hypoxic training (HT) in training an elite level beach soccer team at the stage of precompetitive training, to study the effect of HT on the functional fitness of football players.
Methods and structure of the study. The uses of hypoxic training (HT) in the training process of the beach soccer team were studied – the core membership of the team "Crystal, St. Petersburg" – 11 people (the highest professional league of the RFU). A combination of hypoxic preconditioning (HP) sessions and muscle work under hypoxic conditions were approbated as part of a training program in the basic training period (2 months) to improve the special endurance of the team. HP consisted of 6 repetitions 5-7 minutes breathing at rest with air containing the fraction of O2 in the inhaled air (FIO2) – 0.1, which alternated with 5-3 minutes of atmospheric air breathing, 6 repetitions per 1 hour, 2-3 times a week. After 5-6 HP sessions, HT was included in the training program - pedaling on a bicycle ergometer under hypoxic conditions (FIO2 – 0.14) 1 time per week, with a load duration increase from session to session from 15-20 minutes to 30 minutes or more in the heart rate band 160-170 bpm. Under HP the fraction of oxygen-saturated arterial hemoglobin (SpO2%) and heart rate were recorded continuously. At the beginning and at the end of the HT period, each athlete performed the tests with stepwise load increase to the peak level of aerobic power (O2peak) (Vmax - CareFusion Corp., California, USA; cycle ergometer, Kettler, Germany), T1 and T2, respectively.
Results and conclusions. In 2 months there was a significant increase in: SpO2% at 35-55 min HP from 82.16 ± 5.6 to 87.87 ± 6.64; O2-P at comparable load steps drawing near O2peak from 0.273 ± 0.018 to 0.293 ± 0.015 ml/kg/min/HR (M ± SD, p < 0.05), T1 and T2 respectively. During the matches at the beginning and at the end of the HT period, the maximal HR was 182.2 ± 8.3 and 183.1 ± 7.84 bpm, the minimal HR in the rest intervals during substitutions during the games significantly decreased from 131.4 ± 20.8 to 89.8 ± 7.56 bpm (M ± SD; p < 0.01), respectively. Thus, the effectiveness of HP and HT application during the basic training period of the team is shown. The use of HT increased the level of special endurance of each player, ensuring the stability of technical and tactical actions during matches and the team's readiness to increase the rate of the game, especially in the final half, during the subsequent competitive period.

Keywords: hypoxic training, beach soccer, physical fitness.

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