PhD E.S. Tkacheva¹
Dr. Med., Professor G.S. Mal²
Dr. Biol., Professor S.Yu. Zavalishina³
Dr. Biol., Professor O.N. Makurina^4
1Vologda State Dairy Farming Academy by N.V. Vereshchagin, Vologda
²Kursk State Medical University, Kursk
³Russian State Social University, Moscow
⁴Samara National Research University, Samara

Keywords: football, respiratory indicators, lungs, heart function.

Introduction. Regular muscle activity develops the cardiorespiratory system, which is considered extremely important for ensuring any physical capabilities and the success of sports activities [1]. At the same time, the influence of football on this system cannot be considered fully studied, which requires additional observations.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of football on the development of the cardiorespiratory system in adolescence.
Methodology and organization of the study. The experiment involved 32 football players (18-20 years old) who regularly trained at least twice a week for at least two years. The control group consisted of 21 young men (18-20 years old) who had never participated in sports activities. Ultrasound examination of the heart was performed on the SSD‑80 Aloka echocardiograph (Japan). Respiratory system parameters were determined on the Spiro-Spectrum device (NeuroSoft, Russia).
The results of the study and their discussion. The diameter of the left atrium in football players tended to exceed the control level by 8.5%. At the same time, their antero-posterior diameter of the left ventricle also tended to exceed this indicator by 5.1% during diastole in physically inactive individuals. The diastolic width of the posterior wall in the left ventricle in football players was 16.8% greater than in the control. The value of the final diastolic volume in football players was 8.1% lower than the control value.
The mass of the myocardium in football players was found to be 20.1% higher than in the control, indicating the development of hypertrophy of the heart muscle in them while maintaining the optimum volume of cardiac output.
In the control group, the vital capacity of the lungs was 4.02± 0.43 liters, in athletes this indicator was higher and reached 5.69± 0.26 liters. The value of the forced volume of the vital capacity of the lungs in the control turned out to be 3.79 ± 0.41 liters, in football players it reached 5.83 ± 0.26 liters.
The volume of forced exhalation performed by football players during the first half second and second of the exit reached 3.63 ± 0.17 l and 5.16± 0.23 l, respectively. In the control group of young men, these indicators were 2.83 ± 0.25 liters and 1.72 ± 0.20 liters, respectively.
Conclusions. The degree of development of the cardiorespiratory system is considered to be a reliable basis for sports opportunities, including in football. Its high development is expressed in an increase in the thickness of the myocardium and the parameters of the bronchopulmonary apparatus.

Literature

1. Medvedev I.N. Functional features of the heart in athletes / I.N. Medvedev, E.S. Kachenkova // Theory and practice of physical culture. – 2021. – No. 8. – pp. 20-21.