Master E.V. Dubitskaya¹
PhD V.V. Hristov^1
1Tyumen State University, Tyumen

Keywords: swimming, swimming technique, 50 m breaststroke, classification, anthropometric data.

Introduction. The sports method of breaststroke swimming is considered to be one of the most difficult styles in terms of technique, which depends on many factors, such as the anthropometric data of swimmers, the length of the competitive distance, etc. In addition to this, the athlete's swimming technique may change during the passage of one distance.
The purpose of the study is to determine the effective trajectories of rowing movements when swimming in the breaststroke sports method, taking into account the anthropometric data of athletes and the length of the competitive distance.
The results of the study and their discussion. The classification is presented in the form of four main trajectories of the amplitude of the movements of the arms and legs and their combinations:
– narrow amplitude of the rowing movements of the arms (Ru) and legs (Nu);
– wide amplitude of the rowing movements of the arms (Rs) and legs (Ns);
– short amplitude of the rowing movements of the arms (Rc) and legs (Nc);
– long amplitude of the rowing movements of the arms (Rd) and legs (Nd).
This classification was applied in the process of analyzing swimming technique to 13 athletes, masters of sports of international class, participants of the finals of the World Championships and Olympic Games from 2011 to 2019 at a distance of 50 m breaststroke (see figure).
Conclusions. Most athletes specializing in the 50 m breaststroke have a height of 170-176 cm and a weight of 60-65 kg, preferring a narrow and short amplitude of rowing with their hands and a narrow amplitude of pushing with their feet.
Athletes with a height of 177 cm, weighing 66 kg and above prefer a wide amplitude of the stroke with their hands, the length of the stroke is equally both short and long amplitude and a narrow amplitude of repulsion with their feet. Athletes with a height of 170-176 cm and a weight of 60-65 kg prefer a narrow and short amplitude of rowing with their hands and a narrow amplitude of pushing with their feet. Athletes with a height of 169 cm, weighing 59 kg and below prefer a long and equally narrow and wide amplitude of rowing with their hands and a wide amplitude of pushing with their feet.
The strongest athletes at a distance of 50 meters breaststroke prefer a narrow and short amplitude of rowing with their hands and a narrow amplitude of pushing with their feet.

Literature

1. Ryabchuk V.V. Kinematic-dynamic indicators of swimming technique of young breaststroke swimmers / V.V. Ryabchuk et al. // Theory and practice of physics. culture. – 2022. – No. 1. – pp. 95-97.