Dr.Biol., Professor M.G. Tkachuk¹
PhD, Associate Professor I.A. Panchenko²
Y.A. Kuvanov^2
1Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health, St. Petersburg
²Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg

Objective of the study was to identify the relationship between the body build and psyche of Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestlers.
Methods and structure of the study. The study involved the 18-21 year-old middle-weight athletes specialized in Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestling (n=64), who had the sports qualifications of Candidate Masters of Sport and Masters of Sport. Their average sports experience was 8 years. All the athletes participated in the competitions on a regular basis. The anthropometric study included measurements of the body length and mass, cross-sectional and circumference indices, skin-fat thickness. The athletes’ somatotypes were determined using the Heath-Carter method, their personal qualities – using R. Kettell’s personality questionnaire.
Results and conclusions. The study found that it is the mesomorphic body type that predominated among the wrestlers: Greco-Roman wrestlers - 50% freestyle wrestlers - 53.3%. The presented somatotypes have a wide range of psychological characteristics. Mesomorphic wrestlers are characterized by sociability, emotional sensitivity, highly standardized and strict behavior, down-to-earthiness (p<0.05). Ectomorphic athletes are characterized by high intelligence, self-dependence, restraint, down-to-earthiness, highly standardized and strict behavior (p<0.05). Endomorphic wrestlers are characterized by sociability, trustfulness, sensitivity, responsiveness to suggestion, good imagination, and calmness (p<0.05). Therefore, the findings indicate that there is certain dependence between the wrestler’s body build (somatotype) and his personal qualities. The practical outcome of the study is the possibility to create psychological profiles of athletes of various somatotypes and design individualized development programs.

Keywords: body build, somatotype, anthropometry, personal qualities, wrestling.

References

1. Kuvanov V.A., Korostelev E.N., Zaytsev A.V. Upravlenie myshechnym tonusom v sportivnoy borbe [Management of muscle tone in sports wrestling]. Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury, 2018, no. 4, pp. 57-59.
2. Kuzmin M.A., Dorofeev V.A. Psikhologicheskaya adaptatsiya k usloviyam sorevnovaniy v edinoborstvakh [Mental competitive adaptation in martial arts]. Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury. 2017. No. 5. pp. 37-39.
3. Kuzmin M.A., Smirnova N.N., Kostromin O.V. Tekhnologiya psikhologicheskoy adaptatsii sportsmenov k usloviyam sorevnovaniy s uchetom ikh lichnostnykh osobennostey [Personality-sensitive technology of psychological adaptation of athletes to competitive conditions]. Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury. 2020. No. 3. pp. 39-40.
4. Rudenko G.V., Mokeev G.I. Osobennosti kompleksnoy podgotovki yunykh bokserov [Junior boxers' integrated training system]. Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury, 2017, no. 5, pp. 53-55.
5. Rusalov V.M., Guseva O.V. Sokrashchenny variant lichnostnogo oprosnika Kettella [Abbreviated version of Kettell's personality questionnaire]. Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal. 1990. No. 11. Pp. 34-48.
6. Savelyev D.S., Sidorenko S.A. Vliyanie zanyatiy sportivnymi edinoborstvami na psikhofiziologicheskiy potentsial studentov – pervokursnikov [Effects of competitive martial arts on first-year students' psychophysiology]. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kultury. 2017. no. 5. pp. 43-45.
7. Tkachuk M.G., Levitskiy A.A., Sobolev A.A. Individualno-tipologicheskie osobennosti bortsov s razlichnoy treniruemostyu [Individual-typological characteristics of wrestlers with different training]. Uchenye zapiski universiteta im. P.F. Lesgafta. 2018. No. 3. pp. 288-292.
8. Carter J. The Heath-Carter anthropometric somatotype. Canada. 2002-22p.
9. Krasnoruckaya I., Tkachuk M., Levitsky A. Psychophysical Features of Adolescent Girls-dancers of Various Somatotypesе. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology. – 2020. Vol. 9. No 8. pp. 176-179.