PhD, Associate Professor D.V. Tamozhnikov¹
V.S. Zholobov¹
D.S. Anuchin^2
1Volgograd State Academy of Physical Culture, Volgograd
²Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd

Keywords: preschool children, mental retardation, small-motor organization of motor actions, drawing with the foot.

Introduction. For preschool children with mental retardation (PDA), deviations in the formation of coordination of movements are natural. Children of this nosology are characterized by the presence of violations of the manifestations of small-motor organization of motor actions. The analysis of the scientific and methodological literature on the problem of the development of small-motor coordination in preschool children allowed us to identify a number of developments that justify the need for its development and have high effectiveness in pedagogical practice. However, most of them are focused on the development of hand motor skills, while little attention is paid to the formation of fine motor skills of the foot, and there is very little such work in the field of adaptive physical education.
The aim of the study is to substantiate foot drawing as a means of developing coordination abilities in preschool children with SPD.
The results of the study and their discussion. The purposeful development of small-motor locomotion with the foot creates favorable conditions for the correction of mental disorders in preschoolers with ZPR.
The use of foot drawing (footdrawing) has become an innovative tool that forms small-motor locomotives in the educated. When selecting footdrawing exercises, we relied on the methodological recommendations of specialists from modern football schools. The essence of these exercises is to draw lines with the foot along different trajectories. Foam nozzles of various shapes (ball, cylinder, cube) are attached to the child's shoes. Types of attachment of the nozzle:
- Toe-From below-up and back; on the inside of the spherical surface; on the outside of the spherical surface - in a straight, circular, wavy (curved) line.
- Ascent-On the inner side of the horizontal and spherical surface; in the sagittal plane – from below-up and back, in the frontal plane-from left to right, and vice versa.
- Heel-Zigzag – in the frontal plane, back, up and down, in a circle.
- Sole-Bottom-up and back; on the outside of the spherical surface-in a straight line, in a circle, zigzag, in a circle.
At the beginning of classes, drawing with the foot was performed with the hands resting on the wall, the gym wall, sitting. Subsequently, all the exercises were performed without the support of the hands.
Conclusion. Development of coordination abilities (to the greatest extent of small-motor coordination of the foot) promotes the development of mental processes of preschool children. This fact indicates the provision of a corrective and compensatory effect for preschool children with ZPR.

References

1. Al Rubaye N. H. A., Pravdov M. A. Metodika footdrawing v tekhnicheskoy podgotovke footballersov [Footdrawing technique in the technical training of football players]. – 2015. – № 11 (129). – Pp. 14-18.