M.Yu. Badilovskiy¹
PhD, Professor A.V. Zakharova^1
1Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg

Keywords: athletes, professional sports, aerobic fitness.

Introduction. The training of a young football player in a sports school should be aimed at educating a player who realizes his potential abilities in adulthood. The transition of a promising young man with a high level of technical and tactical readiness to professional sports should be provided with sufficient functional readiness.
The purpose of the study is to determine the level of functional fitness indicators of promising football players aged 15-16 years, necessary and sufficient for the transition to professional football clubs.
Methodology and organization of the study. The level of physical fitness was determined using a WinGate test on a Peak BIKE 894 Bicycle Ergometer (Monark, Sweden) and stress Bicycle ergospirometry with a continuously increasing load of 1 W/1.5 s. The study group consisted of young promising players OF sshor " VIZ " 15-16 years old (n=9), successfully performing at the Russian level in mini-football competitions, players of IFC "SINARA": a young group of 19-22 years old (n=10) and experienced players 25-39 years old (n=5), players of FC "URAL-2" 19-20 years old (n=17).
The results of the study and their discussion. Football players of Ural professional clubs demonstrated high speed and power abilities (MA>14.0 W / kg). Speed and strength indicators of SSHOR football players (MA=12±1.2 W/kg) are lower than in adults, but are within the normal range for their age (11.9–12.2 W/kg) according to Nikolaidis [1].
Relative power indicators at the level of the aerobic threshold can be used to judge the strength of the legs provided by slow muscle fibers, and at the level of the anaerobic threshold – the oxidative fitness (aerobic endurance) of the lower extremities of a person. The relative power at the aerobic (2.2±0.6 W/kg) and anaerobic (3.5±0.6 W/kg) thresholds in young football players does not significantly differ from the power of professional football players. However, with a maximum power reserve of 14 W/kg, adult football players are only able to demonstrate 4.2±0.4 W/kg at the IPC level when testing endurance on a Bicycle Ergometer with increasing power, which indicates a lack of aerobic training. Power at the IPC level in young players (4.7±0.4 W/kg) is higher than in experienced players, but not due to fundamental fitness (power at the aerobic threshold is low), but due to adaptation to high-intensity playing activities. This adaptation cannot be considered satisfactory, since it is based on frequent stay in the zone of anaerobic energy supply due to poor aerobic fitness.
Conclusions. The criteria for high functional fitness for young players who want to continue their career in professional football clubs can be considered the relative power at the aerobic threshold – 3.0 W/kg, at the PANO-4.5 W / kg, and at least 12.5 W/kg. Insufficient aerobic training of football players limits their further improvement and reduces the intensity and entertainment of the game.
This work was supported by decree No. 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, contract No. 02. A03. 21. 0006

References

1. Nikolaidis, P.T. Normative Data of the Wingate Anaerobic Test in 1 Year Age Groups of Male Soccer Players / P.T. Nikolaidis, B. Matos, F.M. Clemente et al. // Front Physiol. – 2018. – Vol. 9. – P. 1–7. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01619

Information for contacting the author: badilovsky_m@mail.ru