Dr. Hab.  L.V. Tarasova¹
PhD P.Yu. Tarasov²
Dr. Hab. T.S. Timakova¹
Dr. Hab. V.A. Pankov¹
PhD A.N. Korzhenevsky¹
O.M. Mamychkin^3
1Federal Science Center for Physical Culture and Sport (FRS VNIIIFK), Moscow
²Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism (SCOLIPE), Moscow
³Margelov Ryazan Guards Higher Airborne twice Red Banner Order of Suvorov Command School, Ryazan

Keywords: postural control, elite archers, postural asymmetry ratio, precompetitive training, efficient fitness tests

Background. Competitive progress profiles and rankings of the world archery elite demonstrate the growing need for efficient tests to rate the specific competitive fitness, particularly in the precompetitive training periods on the whole and pre-Olympic cycles in particular. The high competitiveness in the modern elite archery sport urges the teams to permanently test and analyze the shooting techniques with consideration for every factor of influence on the shooting accuracy in the precompetitive training periods.

Objective of the study was to analyze the factors of influence on the postural controls in the precompetitive trainings of the national archery elite.

Methods and structure of the study. We sampled for the study purposes elite archers in the precompetitive training periods and tested them by a computerized target shooting test with the archer required to zero in a marker point on the screen by the postural control, with the body movement trajectories and speeds profiled by the computer software tools for the shooting accuracy rating and analyzing purposes.

Results and discussion. The postural control tests with the shooting accuracy ratings make it possible to efficiently analyze and correct the key reference point in the training process, with every strength and weakness found and analyzed on a timely basis. The postural controls improvement trainings in the precompetitive training periods will be designed to train the best postures versus the support points for success of the shooting sequence with a special attention to the individual performanc4e asymmetries of influence on the shooting technique. The computerized target shooting tests generated the individual postural asymmetry ratios in the precompetitive training periods: see Figure 1 hereunder.

Figure 1. Individual postural asymmetry ratios generated by the computerized target shooting test

Thus the tests showed a significant variability of the postural asymmetry ratio indicative of the postural control efficiencies and inefficiencies including the angular velocity AR (AVAR = 3.2±6.7%); frontal and sagittal velocity components (FVAR = -1.5±2.0% and SVAR = -0.5±1.7%, respectively) and the cumulative displacement angle (CDA = 1.8±3 rpm); with these asymmetries formed via the individual adjustments to the training workloads by the postural control muscle groups. These asymmetries may be interpreted as indicative of the postural control efficiency of an indirect effect on the shooting accuracy.

The postural control profiling data generated by the postural asymmetry rating target shooting tests in the precompetitive training periods were analyzed by a factor analysis to find the key individual shooting performance factors that need to be given in special priority in the precompetitive training periods: see Table 1 hereunder.

Table 1. Postural control factors prioritized by the computerized target shooting tests

Factor 1 with its total contribution of 67.4% is indicative of the correlation between the postural control function (f = 0.996), target shooting score (f = 0.979), elliptical support square rate (f = 0.953-0.989), movement rate (f = 0.819-0.996) and the frontal/ sagittal asymmetries (f = 0.982-0.995). Factor 2 with its total contribution of 16.0% adds to the influence of the sagittal AR (f = 0.025-0.928) to reduce the individual competitive postural control.

The study data and analyses demonstrate the need for the influences on the individual postural control being tested and analyzed to train the right individual postural control asymmetries in the training process. The relevant special trainings in the precompetitive training period shall be designed to train the key posture controlling muscle groups.           

Conclusion. The archers’ competitive postural controls may be rated by tests of the body balancing skills, frontal/ saggital displacements and elliptical support squares. The study proved benefits of the body displacement rating tests for the shooting technique quality and accuracy rating and analyzing purposes. The precompetitive training systems shall be designed to form a stable position versus the support square mid-point, with a special priority to the key muscle groups engaged in the shooting sequence to effectively train and harmonize the right postural asymmetries and improve the postural control skills.

References

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5. Tarasova L.V., Tarasov P.Yu., Khromov V.A. et al. Informative indicators of physical fitness of skilled athletes in bullet and booth shooting at various training stages. Vestnik ekonomicheskoy bezopasnosti. Pedagogicheskie nauki. 2018. no. 4. pp. 294-298.

Corresponding author: tarasova1708@mail.ru