PhD, Associate Professor N.V. Minnikaeva¹
PhD E.A. Budanova¹
PhD S.V. Shabasheva^1
1Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo

Keywords: physical fitness, functional status, psychoemotional status, 50-60 year-old individuals, fitness.

Background. The health of people of pre-retirement age is declining due to the weakening of the life-supporting systems of the body, the decrease in their physical fitness level, and the decrease in the level of psychological preparedness for stresses. At the same time, the State Duma members approved a bill to raise the retirement age, which suggests raising it to 60 for women and 65 for men. There is, however, a greater problem - the high mortality rate among the citizens of active working age. It is 3 times the rate for 100,000 population than in the EU countries (calculated by the Russian Academy of Sciences academician A.G. Aganbegyan). It should be noted that women live 10.6 years longer than men in Russia [2].
The public health is affected by socio-economic factors, hereditary background, way of life, environmental conditions, and availability and quality of medical care. The impact of environmental factors on health is estimated at 10%, that of a lifestyle - at 30-40%, with the rest accounting for the public health service. Numerous scientific data show that the level of health of the population directly correlates with the way of life. For example, regular physical activity may prolong the body functioning at a sufficiently high level, without impairing man's performance. Of course, trainings should be regular and with due regard to the principle of strict dosing and individualization of physical loads [1].
Objective of the study was to analyze the physical fitness, functional and psychological status of the 50-60 year-old individuals engaged in fitness.
Methods and structure of the study. Sampled for the study were 36 individuals, including 18 women and 18 men. The mean age of the female sample was 54.8 years, that of the male one - 52.9 years. The examined contingent attended the fitness clubs of Kemerovo.
Results and discussion. The examined men and women were engaged in various fitness activities. The majority of the women opted for the low-intensity (yoga) and moderate-intensity (cardio) physical loads, while the men opted for strength trainings, simulator exercises, and functional trainings similar to interval trainings.
In the training process we conducted two tests and compared the results obtained with the GTO Complex standards (Table 1).

Table 1. Physical fitness test rates in the examined contingent

As Table 1 shows, the test rates in both the sporting male and female samples were sufficiently high on the whole. It is also significant that the results demonstrated by the men in all the tests corresponded to those to qualify for the Silver GTO Badge, and those demonstrated by the women - for the Gold and Silver GTO Badges. The findings show that such results may be due to the direct influence of fitness trainings. The expansion of the range of movement leads to an improvement in the functional status of the body. Thus, Table 2 shows that both men and women demonstrated sufficiently high test results.

Table 2. Functional status test rates in 50-60 year-old men and women engaged in fitness

The age-related changes in the 50-60 year-old individuals lead to a reduction in almost all the functions of the body, primarily in those of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, so it is important to select exercises that would help extend normal functioning of all the bodily systems. Motor activity at this age is conditioned by the preservation of creative and working life. As the Table shows, both men and women demonstrated similar results in the offered tests. The results obtained in the male sample were rated as "satisfactory" in two tests, while the women remained at the "average level" in two tests out of three. In general, the subjects turned out to be well adapted to the ever-changing environmental conditions.
Then followed the tests to assess the psychoemotional status of the men and women engaged in fitness. Table 3 presents the "Wellbeing, Activity, Mood" (WAM) test results.

Table 3. Psychoemotional status test rates in 50-60 year-old men and women engaged in fitness

Aging processes are irreversible, and, with aging, man's psychological state goes through a change, too. Wellbeing and mood as such predetermine the level of man's activity. Based on the data obtained, we can conclude that before trainings, the mean values of wellbeing, activity, and mood in the male and female samples were low. This can be explained by the decline in the functioning of the bodily systems, age-related deteriorations of metabolism and endocrine profile, climacteric changes. All these changes lead to the onset of fatigue, outbursts of irritation and anger, and depressive mood. Physical activity, however, not only increases man's resistance to the adverse effects of aging but also improves his mood through the release of endorphins, improves his wellbeing, and makes him feel strong and energetic. As Table 3 shows, after fitness trainings, both men and women rated their condition as average, which is definitely considered a positive result. It should be noted that the women chose yoga in one of the training days. As the Oriental healing system, this type of training has long been known for optimizing the psychoemotional status of those engaged: they start to feel calmer, more balanced, and demonstrate mental clarity and resistance to depression.
Conclusion. Multidirectional physical activity of the 50-60 year-old men and women makes it possible to prolong their creative and working life. It should be noted that trainings have the best impact on the physical fitness level of people of pre-retirement age. Thus, the test results obtained in the male sample corresponded to those to qualify for the Silver GTO Badge, and those obtained in the female sample - for the Gold and Silver GTO Badges. In terms of the functional status of the body and its systems, it can be said that fitness trainings have a positive impact on the levels of physical working capacity and adaptation of the cardiovascular system to physical loads: both men and women were found to have an average level. At the same time, the balancing skills (Romberg's test) of the subjects were rated as "satisfactorily". We assume that this may be due to the age-related decline in the movement coordination ability. The study found that active physical exercises for men and the inclusion of yoga practices for women improved their psychoemotional status from the low to high levels.
In summary, the article shows that multidirectional motor activity in adulthood is a necessary condition for maintaining physical, functional and mental health.

References
1. Markin S.P., Chizhov A.Ya. Assessment of influence of environmental factors on human health. Vestnik RUDN. Ser.: Ecology and Life Safety. 2003. no. 9. [Electronic resource] Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/otsenka-vliyaniya-faktorov-vneshney-sr... (date of access: 10.04.2019).
2. Ulumbekova G.E. Russian Health: 2018–2024 What to do? BODY HEALTH: News. Opinions. Training. Vestnik VShOUZ. 2018. no. 1 (11). [Electronic resource] Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/zdravoohranenie-rossii-2018-2024-gg-ch... (date of access: 16.04.2019).

Corresponding author: minnikaeva@yandex.ru

Abstract
In Russia, fitness clubs are attended by 3% of the population only: among them, the number of 50-60 year-old individuals is rather small. However, the number of fitness programs for people of pre-retirement age is growing in these days. This is primarily due to the fact that the demand for the health improvement service is growing since the retirement age has been increased significantly. Moreover, the results highlighting the influence of training loads of different orientations on psychoemotional and functional status are under-investigated. The article presents the results of study of physical fitness, functional and psychoemotional status of 50-60 year-old individuals engaged in fitness. The study revealed that multidirectional training loads have an optimal effect on the studied parameters, which is expressed in the ability to perform the GTO Complex tests, improved physical working capacity and increased cardiovascular system adaptation to physical loads. The same can be said about the positive effect of the described loads on the subjects’ psychoemotional status. Therefore, the article shows that multidirectional motor activity in adulthood is a necessary condition for maintaining physical, functional and mental health. At the same time, it is necessary that trainings be conducted regularly and with due regard to the principle of individualization, gradual increase in workloads and supervision by an experienced coach.