PhD E.A. Zyurin¹
PhD, Associate Professor A.V. Kurentsov¹
E.N. Petruk¹
PhD, Associate Professor A.A. Baryaev^2
1Federal Science Center for Physical Culture and Sport (FRS VNIIIFK), Moscow
²St. Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Physical Culture, St. Petersburg

Keywords: adult population, habitual physical education and sports, physical activity, physical fitness, GTO Complex tests.

Background. The national physical education and sport system received a great progress impetus from the Russian Federal GTO Complex reinstatement project [7] and ‘Sports as a Life Norm’ Federal Project which mission is to engage every population group and category to the habitual physical education and sport and GTO Complex tests, with the sporting population share expected to grow to 55% by 2024 [6]. As provided by the Federal State Statistics Service, the physical education-and-sports-committed (systemically trained) people are defined as the individuals going in for habitual sports or physical trainings on a group or self-reliant basis. Minimal physical activity of the adult population is set by the standard at 125, 115 and 90 min/ week for the 16-29, 30-59 and 60 plus year-old groups, respectively [4]. However, further research is going on to find the optimal gender-, age-, and health-specific physical activity models most efficient for the national physical education and sport sector.
Objective of the study was to offer a self-reliant physical training model for the physical-education-and-sports-committed 30-39 year-olds getting fit for the GTO Complex tests.
Methods and structure of the study. We used for the purposes of the study anthropometry, pulsometry, tonometry and educational experiment, with the study data processed by the standard mathematical statistics toolkit.
The educational experiment was designed to test benefits of a new self-reliant physical training model for the GTO Complex tests that factors in the recommended weekly physical activity rates and gender-specific GTO Complex Class VII Test standards. The sample was tested for the heart rate, blood pressure, wrist strength, vital capacity (VC, exhale volume), average daily steps (fixed by a digital fitness bracelet) and physical fitness versus the GTO Complex test standards. Sampled for the study were the 30-39 year-olds (n=100 including 50 males and 50 females) that were trained for 8 months and then tested by the GTO Complex test centers in Moscow and Moscow Oblast.
Results and discussion. As was found by the questionnaire survey by the Federal Science Center for Physical Culture and Sport (FRS VNIIIFK) in 2018 (designed to profile the actual public physical education and sport activity classified by the population groups), physical activity of the national adult population varies in a wide range, with the 18-24 year-olds found the most committed for the habitual physical education and sports practices (70% of the group total); followed by the 25-35 year-olds (55%), and then the 66-plust year-olds (57%). The least physically active were reportedly the 36-45, 46-55 and 56-65 year-old groups (26%, 29%, 25% of the group totals, respectively) [1, 2] (see Figure 1 hereunder); and this was the reason for us to sample this particular group for our study.

Figure 1. Weekly physical activity reported by the physical-education-and-sports-committed population groups, % (n=5703) [2]

The most active respondents with the 120-plus-min physical activity per week were found to combine the self-reliant and group practices at special training centers. Based on the survey data and with account of the group priorities (in terms of the physical education and sport service location – at work or home), we developed a self-reliant physical training model to get fit for the GTO Complex tests. The sample independently rated the own physical activity by the digital devices (fitness bracelets, smart-watches, smart-phones) and fixed the steps per day and average HR per training session.

The pre-experimental physical activity tests yielded the following test data: 8,500-11,000 and 7,000-13,000 steps per day in the female and male subsamples, respectively. The post-experimental physical activity tests found the step rate growing to 10,300-18,000 and 12,000-19,000 steps per day (i.e. by 21-63% and 71-46%) in the female and male subsamples, respectively. The gender-unspecific average HR per session was tested to grow from 70-90 to 110-145 beats/ min with the relevant health improvement and physical progress benefits. The pre- versus post-experimental physical fitness test data yielded by 8 tests are given in Table 1 hereunder.

Table 1. Pre- versus post-experimental physical fitness test data of the sample, X± σ

The tests found significant (p <0.05) positive changes in both gender groups. The male subsample was tested with the highest changes in the 60m sprint, prone push-ups, object throw and shooting tests; with insignificant (p> 0.05) progress in the prone push-ups and 50m swimming tests. The female subsample was tested with significant progress in every test.
Benefits of the new physical fitness model for the GTO Complex Class VII Tests were tested by the independent experts and the Moscow and Moscow Oblast test centers: see Table 2.

Table 2. GTO Complex Class VII Test results of the sample

Conclusion. The new physical training model testing experiment found the model being beneficial for the self-reliant trainings for the gender-specific GTO Complex Class VII Tests, as verified by 87% of the sample making success in the tests. Based on the study data, we recommend the daily physical activity of at least 18,000 and 14,000 steps for men and women, respectively. The experiment demonstrated the need for the physical activity in the self-reliant trainings for the GTO Complex Class VII Tests making up at least 180-220 min/ week for physical progress and success in the tests.

References
1. Zyurin E.A., Kurentsov V.A., Bobkova E.N. Monitoring of functional fitness of population of constituent entities of the Russian Federation to determine willingness to fulfill VI-XI Level GTO tests. Vestnik sportivnoy nauki. 2018. no. 4.pp. 46-50.
2. Zyurin E.A., Petruk E.N. Identification of physical activity stimulating conditions for adult population through formation of accessible physical education and sports environment. Vestnik sportivnoy nauki. 2019. no. 2. pp. 69-75.
3. Decree of the RF Government dated June 11, 2014 No. 540 “On approval of the Regulation on Russian physical culture and sports complex“ Ready for labour and defense ”(with amendments and additions) [Electronic resource] Available at: http://base.garant.ru/70675222/ (date of access – 04.07.2019).
4. Rosstat order of March 27, 2019 No. 172 “On approval of the federal statistical monitoring form with instructions for filling it out for organization of federal statistical monitoring in physical education and sports sector by the Ministry of Sports of the RF. [Electronic resource] Available at: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_321222/ (date of access – 04.07.2019).
5. Order of the RF Ministry of Sports dated February 12, 2019 No. 90 “On approval of state requirements of Russian physical culture and sports complex“ Ready for labour and defense ””]. [Electronic resource] Available at: https://minjust.consultant.ru/documents/42248 (date of access – 04.07.2019).
6. Decree of the RF President dated May 7, 2018 No. 204 “On national goals and strategic objectives of development of the Russian Federation for the period until 2024” [Electronic resource] Available at: https://base.garant.ru/71937200/ (date of access – 04.07.2019).
7. Decree of the RF President dated March 24, 2014 No. 172 “On Russian Physical Culture and Sports Complex“ Ready for Labour and Defense ”” (GTO). [Electronic resource] Available at: http://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc /70519520/#ixzz4Nhqx0QVG (date of access: 03.07.2019).

Corresponding author: rudra54@yandex.ru

Abstract
The authors studied the population’s motor mode and physical fitness rates by the example of the 30-39 year-old individuals regularly engaged in physical education and sports under the program of self-training for the GTO Complex tests. During the educational experiment, a group was formed of 50 male and 50 female residents of Moscow and the Moscow Region, who were offered the program of self-training for the GTO Complex tests. The measurements of the morphofunctional indicators (heart rate, blood pressure, carpal force, vital capacity (during expiration), taken at the beginning and at the end of the study, as well as the registration of the daily-average number of steps (using fitness bracelets from different manufacturers), enabled to determine statistically significant parameters of the daily and weekly physical activity.
The experiment revealed a positive effect of the developed self-training program for the VII stage males and females - 87% of the subjects successfully passed the tests under the GTO Complex; the optimal daily motor mode for the males was 18,000 steps, and the females - 14,000 steps. It has been experimentally confirmed that the implementation of the self-training program promoting an increase in the level of physical fitness of the subjects training for the GTO Complex tests is only possible if the motor mode is 180-220 min per week.