Dr.Hab., Associate Professor G.V. Rudenko¹
Dr.Hab., Professor G.I. Mokeev^2
1St. Petersburg Mining University, St. Petersburg
²Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa

Keywords: process design, integrated training model, junior boxers’ training, practices.

Background. National sport statistics reports the junior boxing sport losing 50-60% of the annual inflow of the 12-16 year-olds, with the retirement rate being the highest in the first year of training (around 85% on average according to our estimates) and somewhat less (up to 70%) in the second and third year. It was calculated that each International Class Master of Sport on his way to the title witnesses retirements of around 15,000 beginner boxers with the highest losses in the first year of the boxing practices. It gives reasons to conclude that the primary period of training is the most sensitive and critical in any elite athlete’s career.

Objective of the study was to design and offer a junior boxers’ integrated training model duly customized to their sporting and life agendas.

Methodology and structure of the study. Experiment under the study applied the standard training workload volume and intensity calculation method [1, 2, 3, 4] with the volume rated by the net time of the training process and intensity by the heart rate. The junior boxers’ three-years-long integrated training system designed as described herein was piloted in two primary boxing groups. Given in Table 1 hereunder are the total and partial loads variation data of the integrated training system.

Table 1. Total and partial annual load variation data for the primary-stage training system

Note: BC body conditioning; SPP special preparatory practices; EA exercises with apparatuses; TTSEP technical and tactical skills excelling practices; CB conditional bouts; FFS free-fights/ sparring; ST special training.

The training process was customised to the junior athlete’s life agendas and needs, with the process content and management designed on a six-month basis: see Table 2.

Table 2. Total and partial six-month load variation data for the primary-stage training system

Given in Table 3 hereunder are the monthly training load variation data for the training model.

Table 3. Monthly training volumes, min

The training load growth trend for the three years of primary training was maintained for every training process element: see Table 4.

Table 4. Training load variability: growth trend

The weekly training cycles were designed based on the following two models.

The first-year primary groups trained 3 times a week as follows:

• Monday: mostly speed workouts;
• Wednesday: speed-strength workouts; and
• Friday: overall and special endurance workouts.

The second- and third-year primary training groups trained 4 times a week as follows:

• Monday: mostly speed workouts;
• Tuesday: overall and special endurance workouts;
• Thursday: body conditioning and special endurance workouts; and
• Friday: speed-strength workouts.

When designing the BC system for the first-year trainees, we customised it to the age-specific qualities of the athletes. This age (12-13 years) group requires a special emphasis being made on the agility, dexterity, speed-strength and overall endurance (its aerobic component) building practices.

Mission of the body conditioning (BC) element was to help master special motor skills including the basic boxing techniques and tactics. Of the total special practice time, 21% were allocated to the special preparatory practices; 16.5% to the partner-assisted practices; and 7% of the time was assigned to excel the special skills using boxing apparatuses. The CB and FFS accounted for only 1.8% of the total time due to the high mental costs of these bouts.

Study results and discussion. Benefits of the experimental training model were verified by the junior boxers’ retirement rates for the 3-year period, their competitive accomplishments and the key progress rates.

The junior boxers’ retirement rates were as follows: of the 53 newcomers to the groups, 28 people left during the first year; 9 people during the second year; and 3 people during the third year, i.e. 70% during the 3-year, the outflow being due to the following reasons:

а) Objective reasons including resettlements, health conditions, negative attitudes to the boxing sport in the trainees’ families/ surroundings;

b) Individual (subjective) reasons including inability and/or unwillingness to meet the training process requirements; poor individualisation of the training process due to the mass-sport-centred policies and practices; low self-discipline; poor volitional qualities and determination for the boxing career etc.

Given hereunder in Table 5 are the progress rates of the Study Group boxers for the study period. The progress tests were made at the beginning of every six-month period and upon its completion.

Table 5. Progress rates of the junior boxers for the 3-year training period

Note: SMR simple motor response; RMO response to moving object; TS time sense; AS attention scope

Conclusion. The verified benefits of the proposed junior boxers’ integrated training system may be listed as follows:

• Trainees’ physical abilities building as verified by every progress test rate;
• Stable and controllable growth of the boxers’ competitive performance rates;
• Growth of the boxers’ self-discipline and determination;
• In addition, the integrated training system demonstrated the following advantages over the traditional systems:
• Good progress of trainees in every training aspect and component of the integrated training system;
• Efficient and precise training process management procedures contributing to the boxers’ sporting culture and spirit;
• High quality control of the training loads; and
• Increased efficiency of the training process attained by the internal resources being duly mobilised with no extra costs and time claimed.

References

1. Verkhoshanskiy Y.V. Programmirovanie i organizatsiya trenirovochnogo protsessa [Program design and organization of training process]. Moscow: Fizkultura i sport publ., 1985, 176 p.
2. Mokeev G.I., Nikiforov Y.B., Chernyak A.V. Vzaimosvyaz mezhdu trenirovochnymi nagruzkami i sostoyaniem sportsmenov kak osnova upravleniya trenirovkoy bokserov [The relationship between training loads and athletes' condition for boxers training process management]. Boks: ezhegodnik [Boxing: Yearbook], Moscow: Fizkultura i sport publ., 1980, pp. 9-13.
3. Mokeev G.I., Rudenko G.V., Kostromin O.V., Zaytsev A.V. Poisk zakonomernostey predsorevnovatelnoy podgotovki sportsmena [Search for Regularities of Pre-Season Training of Athlete]. Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury, 2014, no. 6, pp. 69-72.
4. Mokeev G.I., Rudenko G.V., Mokeeva E.G., Panchenko I.A. Eksperimentalnye issledovaniya vzaimosvyazi trenirovochnykh vozdeystviy, sostoyaniya i sorevnovatelnoy deyatelnosti bokserov [Experimental studies of the relationship of training effects, conditions and competitive activity of boxers]. Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury, 2015, no. 5, pp. 79-80.

Corresponding author: panfilio@spmi.ru

Abstract

The article presents findings of the study designed to lay a foundation for a junior boxers’ integrated training system taking three years. The proposed training and education model was geared to solve the problem of mass retirements of junior boxers from CYSS at primary training stages. The model makes a special emphasis on the adaptive and motivational aspects of the losses faced by boxing groups in the beginner training years. The study applied a set of progress rates to assess the innovative aspects, benefits and efficiency of the proposed training model in application to junior boxers. The innovative component of the system includes modern tools to improve the training process quality. The article gives an overview of the integrated boxers’ training system implementation aspects geared to establish due process management, psychological and educational conditions to facilitate competitive success of the athletes.