Ph.D., Professor E.N. Chernysheva
Postgraduate student I.S. Primak
S.A. Smirnova
Associate professor, Ph.D. O.A. Pryanishnikova
Velikie Luki State Academy of Physical Culture and Sport, Velikie Luki

Keywords: functional state, motor fitness, neuromuscular system, bioelectrical activity of muscles, futsal.

Introduction. Specific features of play activity in women’s futsal are determined by high motor and psychological intensity, as during the game nervous processes of female athletes are constantly in a state of high level of excitability and lability, high concentration and ability to assess tactical situations of the game quite quickly and react in ever-changing game conditions [1].

What is necessary during the process of play activity is a constant control of actions of both partners and opponents, as well as the quality of own actions, motion path of the ball, necessity to anticipate the development of the situations and using them in the process of making prompt decisions. All of this requires from the player a sufficiently high level of functional abilities, physical fitness, technical and tactical skills, which provide reliability and efficiency of competitive activity [2]. Thus, we consider that the result of play activity is determined by such interrelated factors as functional state of the neuromuscular system, physical fitness and technical skills of female athletes.

The purpose of the research was to improve motor fitness of players of women's futsal national team on the basis of an assessment of the functional state of muscles.

Materials and methods. Instrumental research methods were implemented at the premises of Scientific Research Institute of Problems of Sport and Recreational Physical Culture of Higher Professional Education Velikie Luki State Academy of Physical Culture and Sport (VLGAFK) in the standard conditions of the laboratory of neurophysiology. Biopotentials of the examined skeletal muscles of female futsal players were recorded using a 16-channel «MegaWin ME 6000» electromyography instrument (Finland, 2008) [3]. Female student futsal players performed the following techniques: inside foot kicks and instep kicks at a distance of 6 m (running kick, step kick, place-kick). Electrical activity of 10 muscles of the lower limb was registered when the technical actions were performed.

Motor fitness was studied using specific evaluation criteria in terms of the chosen sport (futsal). Statistical analysis of the recorded indices was carried out using software packages Statistics 10.0 (Statsoft Inc, USA 2010), Basic Statistics and non-parametric tests including Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test, Mann-Whitney U Test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test.

Results and discussion. Women's futsal national teams face a problem of choosing the best action in any occurred situation in terms of play activity. In this respect, the modern stage of scientific substantiation of various aspects of training is impossible without hardware methods of diagnostics of the state of neuromuscular system in man, which will help speed up the test process using numerous factors, considering specific features of sport [2].

It was determined in the experiment that during performance of 2 types of technical activities, in this case ball kicks (running kick, step kick, place-kick), the lower limb muscles (with regard to motor fitness) of the female futsal players were ambiguously involved, which is seen from the bioelectrical activity of these muscles.

During the research we studied the bioelectrical activity of the lower limb muscles (over 100 mkV) of female players of HEI futsal team recorded when they were performing instep kicks and inside foot kicks (Table 1).

Table 1. Bioelectrical activity of muscles of female student-athletes while performing techniques

The research findings revealed significant differences in the work of various grounds of muscles:

- When performing an inside kick running, the highest activity (in the range of 133,0 - 158,31mkV) was recorded in the following muscles: anterior tibial muscle, medial head of the gastrocnemius, soleus muscle, tensor fasciae latae muscle; slightly lower bioelectrical activity was detected (108,0-118,42 mkV) in the medial head of quadriceps muscle of thigh, lateral head of quadriceps and biceps muscle of thigh. In the instep kick much higher EMG amplitude indicators (110,22- 140,31 mkV) were registered in soleus muscle, medial head of the gastrocnemius, tensor fasciae latae, medial head of the quadriceps muscle of thigh. Lower activity was registered in rectus femoris of the quadriceps muscle (102,42±15,75 mkV) and biceps muscle of thigh (104,61±21,61 mkV). The total electrical activity of the examined muscles when performing the instep kick was 98,0 mkV lower in comparison to the inside foot kick.

- When performing an inside foot kick and an instep kick the most active muscles were the following: anterior tibial muscle (only using inside f. - 136,14 mkV), soleus muscle (110,22 - 112,72 mkV), medial head of the gastrocnemius (141,78 – 116,4 mkV), tensor fasciae latae muscle (121,11 – 126,81 mkV).

- When performing a place-kick with the inside and instep of the foot the most active were the following muscles: anterior tibial muscle (147,22 mkV-102,28 mkV), soleus muscle (instep f. - 171,47 mkV), medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle (124,58 mkV – 163,0 mkV), tensor fasciae latae muscle (110,06 mkV – 140,03 mkV).

Comparing the results of the study of different kicking techniques, it can be mentioned that the amplitude of bioelectrical activity of each kind of the lower limb muscles increased, but significant differences were observed in anterior tibial muscle, soleus muscle and medial head of the gastrocnemius, which, we believe, fall under the main load while performing a certain technique. The conducted educational experiment involved the organization of futsal instruction and training process based on the obtained indices of the functional state of the neuromuscular system in girls. The goals of the held training sessions were determined based on individual features, level of the functional state of the neuromuscular system and muscular activity, physical fitness and technical skills, which are defined by means of the integral scale of perspective for female futsal players: - with high level – conditioning - 13,8%; special physical training - 12,3%; technical training - 19,2%; tactical training - 16,2%; play training - 23,8%; competitive training - 11,5%; control tests - 3,1%;- with average level accordingly: 26,9%; 18,5%; 19,2%; 6,9%; 20,0%; 4,6% and 3,8%.

The result of effective training and competitive activity depends on such interrelated components as physical fitness and technical skills of female futsal players (Table 2).

Table 2. Indices of motor fitness of female student futsal players

The compilation of the obtained data shows that regular futsal training organized with regard to the functional state of the neuromuscular system promotes the variation of physical fitness indices: increased speed indicators (6,4%-15,3%); coordination skills (4,9%-6,8%), special endurance (6,2%-4,8%) and strength abilities (6,1%-8,8%) (p<0,05). Positive dynamics of indices of technical skills was determined: when juggling a ball (20,0%-22,9%); when running dribbling and varying the distance (4,5%-6,9%); during figure-eight dribbling (4,3%-5,9%); when performing a kick after dribbling the posts (7,0%-5,6%) (p<0,05).

Conclusion. The study of bioelectrical activity of the lower limb muscles when performing techniques, enabled us to determine the core muscles (anterior tibial muscle, soleus muscle, and medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle). Fragment modeling of play activity in terms of instruction and training process makes it possibile to improve motor fitness of female futsal players considering individual characteristics of the functional state of the neuromuscular system.

References

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Corresponding author: gorodnichev@vlgafc.ru