Keywords

judo, primary school children, physical development, bioimpedance analysis, motor fitness, extracurricular activities, physical education.

Abstract

Introduction. The level of physical development of primary school children is directly dependent on the effectiveness of the means and methods used in physical education lessons and outside school hours [1, 2]. Traditional programs do not always provide the necessary level of physical fitness and harmonious development, which requires the search for new approaches.

Objective of the study – experimental substantiation of the effectiveness of the technology for organizing additional physical education classes based on judo means for children aged 6–10 years.

Results of the study and their discussion. During the experiment conducted on the basis of Secondary School No. 2098 in Moscow with primary school students, it was found that the traditional program does not have a significant effect on body length indicators, but body weight undergoes significant changes. In the CG, by the 4th grade, an excessive increase in body weight was noted (by 5.7 kg), while in the EG this process was natural and harmonious (increase of 1.3 kg) (p<0.05).

Bioimpedance analysis showed that by the end of the experiment, in children of the EG, in contrast to the CG:
– fat mass was significantly lower (14.9±1.5 kg in the EG vs. 21.1±2.1 kg in the CG; p<0.05);
– skeletal muscle mass (SMM) significantly increased (increase of 5.2 kg in the EG vs. 0.6 kg in the CG; p<0.05). The proportion of SMM in the body of 4th grade EG children reached 51.3%, which is significantly higher than in the CG (40.2%);
– the bioimpedance phase angle, indicating fitness, increased by 5.8º in the EG and significantly exceeded the CG indicator (10.5º vs. 5.8º; p<0.05).

The use of judo means ensured a significant increase in motor fitness results in the EG compared to the CG. Thus, strength indicators assessed using test tasks for flexion and extension of the arms in a prone position in 4th grade EG children increased to 38.2 times (in the CG – 30.6; p<0.05); the increase in speed-strength qualities (standing long jump) in the EG was 10.5 cm (in the CG – 1.8 cm; p<0.05); the result of endurance assessment (6-minute run) in 4th grade EG children increased by 140 m (p<0.05); a significant improvement in coordination abilities (shuttle run) was recorded only in the EG (p<0.05).

It is important to note that the introduction of judo means into the curricular and extracurricular activities of primary school children contributed to an increase in motivation for physical education classes. The number of missed classes in the EG by the 4th grade decreased to 15.5% in lessons and to 9.4% in sectional classes. In the CG, on the contrary, an increase in absences was observed (up to 33.1% in lessons).

Conclusions. The obtained data indicate the high effectiveness of the proposed technology of additional classes based on judo. Its use in primary school contributes to the harmonization of body composition (reduction of fat component and increase of muscle component), significant improvement in strength, endurance, coordination and speed-strength qualities, as well as increased interest and attendance in physical education classes.

References

1. Balsevich V.K., Zaporozhanov V.A. Fizicheskaya aktivnost cheloveka [Human physical activity]. Kiev: Zdorovye, 2005. 224 p.
2. Vilenskaya T.E. Ozdorovitelnyye tekhnologii fizicheskogo vospitaniya detey mladshego shkolnogo vozrasta [Health-improving technologies of physical education for primary school children]. 2nd ed., rev. and suppl. Moscow: Yurayt Publishing House, 2022. 285 p. (Higher Education). ISBN 978-5-534-08305-7. Text: electronic // Yurayt Educational Platform [website]. Available at: https://urait.ru/bcode/492578.

No. 6, pp. 25–25

Received: 24.04.2026 | Published: 02.06.2026

CC BY 4.0