E.Yu. Popova
Russian University of Sports “GTSOLIFK”, Moscow

Keywords: rhythmic gymnastics, motor memory, special motor abilities.

Introduction. The technical complexity of gymnasts' competitive compositions is undergoing significant changes due to the update of the international rules of rhythmic gymnastics competitions. As a result, the demands on athletes' special motor abilities and specialized perceptions ("feelings") are increasing.
The purpose of the study is to identify the components of gymnasts' special motor abilities that enhance the quality of performing dynamic elements with rotation and throwing objects.
Methodology and organization of research. One of the components of the technical complexity of the competitive composition is the dynamic elements with rotation. The gymnasts' technical fitness is realized by performing skill elements with an object and dynamic elements with rotation (R). Dynamic elements with rotation must be complicated by high accuracy conditions, requirements for the height of the throw and various additional criteria. Dynamic elements with rotation or "risks" consist of a high throw of an object and at least two rotational movements (rotation of the body around any axis: vertical, horizontal or sagittal).
The final requirement for a dynamic element with rotation to be counted is to catch the object after the throw [1]. To perform such a technical element, it is necessary: the accuracy of reproducing muscle efforts, the accuracy of reproducing spatial characteristics, the accuracy of reproducing the amplitude of movement, the accuracy of reproducing tempo-rhythmic characteristics.
In this regard, the requirements for the special motor abilities of female athletes are increasing. Special motor abilities are divided into motor coordination, speed, jumping ability and flexibility. At the same time, dexterity is not considered, and accuracy and virtuosity are attributed to motor coordination. The block of specialized perceptions includes 6 senses: time, rhythm, tempo, object, balance, space [2].
There are also special requirements for the motor memory of gymnasts. Due to motor memory, successful mastery of motor actions occurs, as well as there is an impact on the quality of movement and dynamic elements with rotation [2].
As part of the conducted testing, the indicators of special motor abilities were evaluated, reflecting the accuracy and speed of psychomotor action. The wrist dynamometry method was used to collect data on the ability to accurately reproduce a given muscular force with the hand. An "Interactive metronome" was used to assess the accuracy of the reaction to a moving object (RDO) and the tempo of the rhythmic structure of activity. The accuracy of reproduction of the set time intervals was carried out using a stopwatch. The study group consisted of 18 people aged 10-11 years who were undergoing sports training at the training stage in the IC "FORCE", Moscow.
The results of the study and their discussion. In the course of the study, it was found that the accuracy of reproducing the muscular effort of the hand, as well as the tempo-rhythmic characteristics of movements, are important components that determine the quality of performing dynamic elements in rotation with an object throw.
Conclusions. The indicators characterizing special motor abilities are revealed - the accuracy of reaction to a moving object, the accuracy of reproducing tempo–rhythmic characteristics, the accuracy of reproducing muscular efforts with hands and time parameters that have a greater impact on the quality of performing dynamic elements with rotation and throwing an object of juniors in rhythmic gymnastics.

Литература

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2. Kraeva E.S., Stepanova I.A. Vliyanie spetsialno-dvigatelnykh sposobnostey na uspeshnost vypolneniya perebrosok predmetov v gruppovykh uprazhneniyakh khudozhestvennoy gimnastiki [Influence of special motor abilities on the success of performing object tosses in group exercises of rhythmic gymnastics]. Uchenye zapiski universiteta im. P.F. Lesgafta. 2013. No. 8(102). Pp. 82-86.