PhD P.V. Makeev
The Russian University of Sport «GTSOLIFK», Moscow

Keywords: women's football, heart rate variability, HRV, heart rate recovery, Borg scale, competitive period.

The purpose of the study is to determine the informative value of comprehensive monitoring of the functional state of student national football teams in the competitive period and to establish links between its indicators and the dynamics of workload and well–being.
Methodology and organization of research. Twenty-eight football players aged 18-22 who played in the student league participated in the study; the observation was conducted over an eight-week competitive period (1 match/week, 6-7 training sessions). The morning HRV index was evaluated daily in the supine position for 60 seconds, where the RMSSD parameter was used as the main indicator. The heart rate recovery rate for 1 minute (HR1) was determined after a submaximal running load (4 minutes at 60-65% HR Max). The level of physical activity tolerance was assessed on the Borg scale 30 minutes after training and matches.
The results of the study and their discussion. During the eight-week cycle, the average morning heart rate variability (HRV) was 3.78±0.34 units, demonstrating a pronounced "drawdown" in the 3-4 weeks of the overloaded calendar to 3.61±0.30 units. (4.5%, p<0.05), followed by recovery to 3.85±0.33 units by weeks 7-8. During the same period, the average recovery rate of heart rate in the first minute (HR1) slowed from 33.8±6.1 beats/min to 29.6±5.8 beats/min (-12.4%, p<0.05), and the weekly value of the Borg scale increased from 4.6±0.9 to 5.5±1.0 points (19.6%, p<0.05). The level of morning HRV had a moderate negative relationship with the weekly value of the Borg scale (r= -0.62; p<0.05) and a positive relationship with HR1 (r= 0.56; p<0.05), which indicates that the lower the parasympathetic tone in the morning, the higher the subjective fatigue and the slower the recovery of heart rate.
An analysis of the role data showed that the greatest fluctuations in HRV were observed in midfielders who performed more running work, and in the starting line-up players who spent most of their time on the field. They were more likely to have a decrease in morning HRV and a slowdown in HR1 recovery, reflecting increased stress and the need for additional rehabilitation measures. Tracking these changes made it possible to adjust the volume and intensity of training in a timely manner, preventing the development of accumulated fatigue and reducing the risk of functional fatigue.
Conclusions. Monitoring of heart rate variability, heart rate recovery, and exercise tolerance levels allows for timely assessment of the functional state of soccer players. A decrease in HRV and a delayed recovery indicate an overload of the body and the need to reduce the intensity of training. Regular monitoring of these indicators helps to maintain optimal fitness and prevent overwork during the competitive period.

Использованная литература

1. Guba V.P., Bulykina L.V., Atsuta K.A., Presnyakov V.V. Opredelenie nagruzki i rezerva chastoty serdechnykh sokrashcheniy v trenirovochnom protsesse igrokov studencheskoy voleibolnoy komandy [Determination of load and heart rate reserve in the training process of student volleyball team players]. Izvestiya Tulskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Fizicheskaya kultura. Sport. 2023. No. 5. Pp. 79-84.