Associate Professor V.N. Nikitinskaya¹
Dr. Hab., Associate Professor A.V. Antipov^1
1Federal State University of Education, Moscow

Objective of the study is to develop and experimentally substantiate individual training load norms for young gymnasts aged 8-9 years based on a comprehensive assessment of subjective sensations and functional indicators of the body.
Methods and structure of the study. The experiment, which lasted 20 weeks, involved 36 gymnasts aged 8-9 years, divided into a control group (CG, n=20) and an experimental group (EG, n=16). A standard programme was used in the CG, while in the EG the load was individualised taking into account functional indicators such as resting and post-exercise heart rate, recovery time, Baevsky's adaptation potential and heart rate variability parameters. If these indicators deviated from individual norms, the volume and intensity of the load were adjusted.
Results and conclusions. It was found that individualised load regulation provides a more pronounced improvement in functional status, physical fitness and gymnastic technique compared to the traditional programme. The results confirm the effectiveness of comprehensive functional control in the training of young gymnasts.

Keywords: gymnasts aged 8-9 years, individualised load regulation, functional indicators, cardiovascular regulation, adaptive potential, heart rate variability, subjective assessment of fatigue, training process, long-term training.

References

1. Guba V.P., Kvashuk P.V., Nikitushkin V.G. Individualizatsiya podgotovki yunyh sportsmenov [Individualisation of training for young athletes]. Moscow: Physical Culture and Sport Publishing House, 2009. 276 p. ISBN: 978-5-278-00850-7.
2. Guba V.P., Pustoshilo P.V., Zaynetdinov M.V. Otsenka effektivnosti upravleniya trenirovochnym protsessom sovremennym detskim trenerom [Evaluation of the efficiency of training process management by a modern children's coach]. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kultury. 2022. No. 6. Pp. 62.
3. Guba V.P., Popov G.I., Presnyakov V.V., Leonteva M.S. Pedagogicheskie izmereniya v sporte: metody, analiz i obrabotka rezultatov: monografiya [Pedagogical measurements in sport: methods, analysis and processing of results: monograph]. Moscow: Sport, 2021. 324 p. ISBN: 978-5-907225-47-3.
4. Nikitinskaya V.N., Kvashuk P.V., Fedoryachenko A.V. Individualnoe normirovanie trenirovochnoy nagruzki u yunyh gimnastok na osnove subektivnyh kriteriev otsenki [Individual standardisation of training loads for young gymnasts based on subjective assessment criteria]. Science for the benefit of humanity 2018: Collection of scientific articles by teachers and postgraduate students based on the results of the International Scientific Conference of Young Scientists, Postgraduate Students and Students, Moscow, 16-27 April 2018. Edited and compiled by E.A. Pevtsova. Moscow: Moscow State Regional University, 2018. Pp. 252-257.
5. Novikova I.I., Kulikova O.M., Shevkun I.G., Yanovskaya G.V. Normirovanie fizicheskih nagruzok v detsko-yunosheskom sporte kak instrument sohraneniya zdorovya detey: sistematicheskiy obzor trudov otechestvennyh i zarubezhnyh uchenyh [Standardisation of physical activity in children's and youth sports as a tool for preserving children's health: a systematic review of the works of domestic and foreign scientists]. Human Sciences: Humanities Research. 2023. V. 17. No. 1. Pp. 176-187. DOI: 10.57015/issn1998-5320.2023.17.1.19.
6. Maydokina L.G., Marinkina N.A. Issledovanie funktsionalnyh sostoyaniy yunyh gimnastov [Study of the functional states of young gymnasts]. Contemporary problems of science and education. 2015. No. 1-2. Pp. 225.
7. Cherenkova E.S., Presnyakov V.V. Vliyanie zanyatiy sportivnoy akrobatikoy na individualnye osobennosti fizicheskogo razvitiya detey nachalnoy shkoly [The influence of sports acrobatics classes on the individual characteristics of physical development in primary school children]. Physical culture, sport and health in modern society: Collection of scientific articles from the All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation, Voronezh, 8–9 October 2019. Edited by A.V. Sysoev, O.N. Savinkova, I.V. Smolyanova. Voronezh: Publishing and Printing Centre ‘Scientific Book’, 2019. Pp. 395-399.