PhD T.V. Balabohina¹
Dr. Biol. T.F. Abramova¹
PhD M.V. Lifke^2
1Federal Science Center of Physical Culture and Sport (VNIIFK), Moscow
²Smolensk City Polyclinic, Smolensk

Keywords: young athletes, type of autonomic regulation, 5-7 years old.

Introduction. The biological basis for the successful adaptation of the child's body to systematic physical exertion at the sports and recreation (CO) stage of training is the coordinated work of systems for ensuring muscular activity with a significant contribution from the mechanisms of autonomic regulation (BP). The typological features of HR activity of the heart, determined by the method of assessing heart rate variability (HRV), make it possible to timely identify the risk of maladaptation of the body to the training effect.
The aim of the study is to determine the typological features of vegetative regulation in children during the period of study at the sports and recreation stage.
Methodology and organization of research. 285 young athletes aged 5-7 years were examined (group size: 43-124 people), studying at the secondary stage in the sports of hockey, football, gymnastics, alpine skiing. Blood pressure, heart rate, and HRV recording (300 cardio intervals) were performed in the morning hours in the prone position. The type of BP was determined by the method of N.I. Shlyk [3].
The results of the study and their discussion. It was revealed that at the age of 5, a moderate dominance of the central contour (CC) of regulation (type I) was observed in 46.5% of young athletes, a moderate predominance of the autonomous contour (AC) of regulation (type III) in 41.9%, with isolated cases of pronounced dominance of CC (7.0%) or AC (4.6%). At 6 and 7 years, type III BP prevails (54.0 and 59.3%), type I is less common (25.0 and 24.6%), but the frequency of dysregulatory variants of BP (II and IV types) increases to 21.0% at 6 years and 16.1% at 7 years. Heart rate and blood pressure in all age and typological groups correspond to the age norm.
The predominance of types I and III of BP at normal heart rate and blood pressure in most athletes aged 5-7 years indicates a normal adaptation of the body to muscular activity at this stage. The shift of BP towards the obvious dominance of type III by the age of 6 reflects the maturation of vegetative cardioregulatory mechanisms with increased vagal influences [1], which is accompanied by an increase in the frequency of manifestation of vegetative dysregulations (type II and IV), characterizing 6 years as the age of both expansion of adaptation reserves and the greatest risk of abnormalities in the BP system during the critical period of semi-growth the jump.
Similar age-related dynamics of heart rate and blood pressure in children with types I and III of BP is manifested from 5 to 7 years of age by a steady decrease in resting heart rate, a progressive increase in systolic blood pressure, reflecting an increase in the adaptive capabilities of the cardiovascular system. The imbalance of self-regulation and central neurohumoral effects on the heart and blood vessels, characteristic of types II and IV of BP, in children aged 5-7 years is manifested by deviations from the course of age-related formation of blood pressure with negative dynamics of pulse pressure, the "instrument" of neurohumoral regulation of hemodynamics, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure [2].
Conclusion. The early development of vagotropic features of vegetative homeostasis in children during CO-learning contributes to the growth of adaptation reserves, forming the risks of deviations in the HR system during the critical period of the half-growth leap.

Literature

1. Balabokhina T.V., Abramova T.F. Age-related adaptation of the cardiovascular and autonomic nervous systems of 6-year-old boys to systematic sports activities. Bulletin of Sports Science. 2024. No. 4. pp. 42-48.
2. Khursa R.V. Pulse blood pressure: a role in hemodynamics and applied possibilities in functional diagnostics. Medical news. 2013. №. 4 (223).
3. Shlyk N.I. Heart rate and type of regulation in children, adolescents and athletes: a monograph. Izhevsk: Udmurt University; 2009. 259 p.