Associate Professor V.N. Nikitinskaya¹
Dr. Hab., Professor P.V. Kvashuk^2
1State University of Enlightenment, Moscow
²Moscow State Academy of Physical Culture, Malakhovka

Keywords: young gymnasts, training loads, individual rationing, functional indicators, training process, long-term sports training.

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the possibility of individual normalization of training loads of young gymnasts based on functional indicators and to assess the impact of this approach on the training effect.
Methodology and organization of research. The scientific work involved 30 gymnasts aged 8-9 years, divided into control (KG, n=16) and experimental (EG, n=14) groups. For four months, the EG gymnasts trained according to the individualized load rationing program, where the volume and intensity of exercises were adjusted based on resting heart rate, stress response, recovery time and adaptive potential according to Baevsky. The CG used a standard program without individual changes. Flexibility, strength endurance, coordination, and heart rate control were tested. The dynamics was estimated by the average values (M ± m) and percentage changes (%).
The results of the study and their discussion. During the study period, the EG gymnasts demonstrated positive dynamics of most indicators. Recovery heart rate decreased on average from 118±3 to 108±2 beats/min (Δ = -8.5%), which indicates an improvement in recovery ability. The adaptive potential improved from 2.35±0.07 to 2.12±0.06 CU (Δ = -9.8%), moving from a zone of moderate stress to a zone of satisfactory adaptation. The flexibility indicators (twine) improved by an average of 6.8%, the holding time of the "angle" — by 12.4%, stability in balance — by 14.3%. In the control group, the changes were less pronounced: the recovery rate decreased by only 2.1%, the adaptive potential deteriorated by 3.5%, the increase in strength endurance was 4.8%, flexibility – 3.1%. Statistically significant differences between EH and KG were observed in recovery heart rate (p<0.05) and adaptive potential (p<0.05).
Conclusions. Individual optimization of training loads based on functional indicators is an effective means of optimizing the training process of young gymnasts aged 8-9 years. This approach helps to improve recovery reactions, reduce functional stress, and enhance physical performance compared to a typical program. The results confirm the need to introduce functional monitoring into the practice of training young athletes.

References

1. Guba V.P. Methods of effective individual improvement of new rhythm coordination of motor actions in junior athletes. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kultury. 2018. No. 10. p. 53.