S.P. Evseev, professor, Dr.Hab., Honorary worker of higher education of the RF, director of department of science, education and innovations of Ministry of sport of the RF, Moscow
V.A. Taymazov, professor, Dr.Hab., Honorary worker of higher education of the RF, rector of Lesgaft NSU
N.G. Zakrevskaya, professor, Dr.Hab.
S.S. Filippov, professor, Dr.Hab.
Lesgaft National state university of physical culture, sport and health, St. Petersburg

Key words: P.F. Lesgaft, pedagogical scholar schools, university, integration, science, education, training.

In higher professional education domestic pedagogical scholar schools (PSS) have always taken and are still taking a remarkable place in the improvement of training of elite specialists for different branches of the country’s economy and in solution of major scientific problems. This situation is also not an exclusion in the sphere of physical culture and sport [1]. The purpose of this paper was to show the role of pedagogical scholar schools of Lesgaft NSU in the integration of science and higher education in the field of physical culture.

First, let's define the notion of PSS. In the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation there is the following definition: “the leading scholar school of the Russian Federation is an established team of researchers of different age groups and academic qualifications, related by conducting researches in the common research area and united in cooperative research activity” [5].

Today, as noted in the work [6], universities are the main base with the infrastructure for scholar schools where within departments research areas are created, formed and developed under the direction of leading scientists - doctors of science and professors.

And finally, there is one more definition given in the work [7]. According to the author, in the scientific community most researchers use the term "scholar school" “in relation to a relatively small research team, united not only by institutional framework, not just by a specific subject of study, but also by the overall system of views, ideas, interests, traditions - which are preserved, shared and developed during the alternation of scientific generations", and allocate the following features of scholar school:

•  common scientific interests of the school's representatives and scholarly importance of considered problems;
•  the level of the school's scientific results and its (school's) recognition in the country and abroad;
•  the role of a scientific leader; 
•  stability and prospects of the school (succession of scientific generations, work with young scientists, working permanent scientific seminar).

From the above notions it becomes obvious that they have no fundamental differences but only complement each other to some degree. The analysis of scientific publications on the subject shows the breadth of criteria PSS is to meet. For this paper it is important to determine the substantial frames of the dialogue about the PSS of Lesgaft NSU.

If to briefly recall the history of our university, since the establishment of the courses for educators and physical education instructors P.F. Lesgaft invited to teach the leading scholars and teachers of St. Petersburg and other cities of Russia. The teachers of the courses were I.P. Pavlov (physiology), A.F. Ioffe (physics), E.V. Tarle (history), M.M. Kovalevsky (sociology), A.A. Ukhtomskiy (physiology) and other outstanding representatives of the science in our country.

It was during these years when the scientific foundations of education in the field of physical culture were laid and first PSS in our field were formed. As it is rightly pointed out in the study [8], Peter Franzevich Lesgaft has not only created his own scholar school, but formed the background for the formation of affiliated schools.

It should be emphasized that not only the scientific areas related to biomedical problems, P.F. Lesgaft cared deeply about, but the new problem for Russia - physical training of military men were formed and developed. The preparation and publication of P.F. Lesgaft's fundamental works, such as "Training of gymnastics teachers in the countries" and "Guide on physical education of schoolchildren", were not the only result of two business trips to Europe (1875-1876) he had to study the methodologies of physical education existing in the world. These trips have pushed P. F. Lesgaft to create courses for officers - future teachers of gymnastics - "Educational gymnastic training courses for physical education teachers in military gymnasiums" (1879) and "Temporary courses for female physical education instructors" (1896) [9]. By doing so P.F. Lesgaft has initiated the new research area of physical education. Besides, there is a reason to believe that these events, speaking in modern terms, initiated the integration of science and education in the field of physical culture.

Pedagogical scholar school is a constantly developing social institution. In our view, it has been very accurately shown by Yu.F. Kuramshin on the example of the theory of physical culture, who notes in his work [10, P.77] that: Genetic roots of the theory of physical culture should be considered those academic subjects that have been studied in Russian civilian and military educational institutions in the late XIX - early XX centuries. So, in 1896, at training courses for female instructors of physical exercises and games, organized by P.F. Lesgaft, he gave lectures on "Theory of physical exercises", "History and methodology of physical exercises". After the death of P.F. Lesgaft the lectures on these topics were given by A.A. Krasuskaya, and since 1914 - by V.V. Gorinevsky with his course "Theory and practice of sports exercises". The development of this PSS was graphically represented on Figure in the work of Yu.F. Kuramshin [10, p. 85].

Many famous scientists of our country such as professors L.A. Orbeli, A.F. Sulima-Samoylo, A.A. Krasuskaya, A.N. Krestovnikov, E.A. Kotikova, L.I . Chulitskaya and many others, who had made a great contribution to the creation and development of the educational and research environment, worked in Institute of Physical Culture named after P.F. Lesgaft who became the successor of the courses.

The literally huge science foundation, indicating the successful solution of the most important issues of the country's physical culture and sports movement, has been accumulated over the years by the efforts of many generations of teachers of the university. It was presented in a large number of monographs, research papers, master's and doctoral theses, textbooks and study guides. The scholarly works of the university’s scientists became widely known in the domestic and international scientific communities during the existence of the university. This, in our opinion, suggests that PSS have originated and are operating in the university with the leading figures of domestic sports science standing at their origins. Among them, in the postwar period, we are to mention professors A.N. Krestovnikova (physiology), N.N. Yakovlev (biochemistry), A.Ts. Puni (psychology), A.G. Dembo (sports medicine), V.V. Belorusova (pedagogics), K.H. Grantyn’, I.M. Koryakovsky (theory of physical education), G.D. Harabuga, N.I. Ponomarev (sports history) and many others.

Fig. The tree of development of theory and methodology of physical culture as an academic discipline

In 2012, the University team celebrated the 175th anniversary of professor Peter Frantsevich Lesgaft by holding the theoretical-practical conference on the topic: "From the scholar school of P.F. Lesgaft to modern scholar schools of the University". This conference was an excellent opportunity to assess what has been done by teachers and scholars of different generations in education in the field of physical culture, sports science, scientific and methodological support of mass physical culture and elite sport. This analysis is needed to pay tribute to the achievements in the designated areas as well as to move forward more vigorously considering the experience.

The work [11] contains an analysis of the activity of the university scholar schools. However, the previous conference has given a new impetus for inspecting the performance of the University's PSS. The new edition of the "Regulations on pedagogical scholar schools of Lesgaft NSU" and converted PSS were approved by the academic council of the university. The currently operating PSS of the university are shown in Table 1.

The above PSS were listed in the University's application to be included in the list of the leading pedagogical scholar schools of St. Petersburg, which was created by the Committee on Science and Higher Education of the City Government. 

The legal documents of the recent years regulating relations in the field of education and science, in the "Physical Culture and Sport" sector make us take a fresh look at the conventional processes taking place in the universities of physical culture. Primarily it concerns the new Federal law "On Education in the Russian Federation" [2], the new version of the Federal Law "On Physical Culture and Sport in the Russian Federation" [3], "Strategy of development of physical culture and sport in the Russian Federation until 2020" [4] and a number of other documents that define the guidelines for actions of PSS.

Without going into a detailed analysis of the PSS activity, let's focus on some of the most important, from our point of view, areas and indicators in the context of this particular subject of the article. It should be noted that some of these areas are fixed legislatively in the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" [2]. Thus, Article 72 "Forms of integration of educational and scientific (research) activities in higher education" contains the goals of such integration. First of all, it is staffing of scientific researches.

Secondly, it is improvement of the quality of training of students who learn in accordance with the educational programs of higher education. Thirdly, it is involvement of students to conduct scientific researches under the researchers’ supervision. Fourthly, the use of new knowledge and achievements of science and technology in educational activity.