PhD E.S. Tkacheva^1,2
1Vologda State Dairy Farming Academy named after N.V. Vereshchagin, Vologda
²Russian State Social University, Moscow

Keywords: students, hand-to-hand combat, physical activity, adolescence, blood, adaptation.

Introduction. In conditions of regular sports activity, there is also a dynamic in blood parameters, which are considered as reliable markers of the body's condition [1]. The dynamics of these parameters is of great interest to novice martial artists and especially to hand-to-hand fighters [2].
The aim of the study was to determine the characteristics of the blood reaction of first-year students who started regular hand-to-hand combat classes.
Methodology and organization of the study. 33 first-year students of youth age (17-18 years old) participated in the experiment. Two observation groups were assembled from them. The first group consisted of 16 students who, after entering the university, began to regularly attend the hand-to-hand combat section twice a week for 1.5 hours per training session. The second group consisted of 17 first-year students who were fully involved in the educational process, including physical education, without experiencing additional physical exertion. This group was considered as a control group.
The results of the study and their discussion. All blood parameters taken into account in both observed groups corresponded to the normal level. When comparing the number of red blood cells in the blood of the observed, the prevalence of this indicator in hand-to-hand combat was noted (by 12.7%). The concentration of hemoglobin in the blood of novice athletes was also higher than the value of non-training freshmen (by 11.6%), which indicated greater aerobic abilities of the trainees. There were no significant differences in the level of erythrocyte sedimentation rate between the groups, while hand-to-hand fighters had a tendency to decrease this indicator (by 5.7%).
According to the indicators of the leukocyte formula between the groups, it was possible to note significant differences while maintaining all its parameters within the normal range in both groups. Melee fighters had a higher white blood cell count (by 17.2%) due to a 15.1% increase in the number of lymphocytes and an 11.6% increase in the level of monocytes. In addition, melee fighters showed a decrease (by 10.5%) in the number of segmented neutrophils and a comparable amount of eosinophils, basophils and rod-shaped neutrophils in the blood compared with the control.
Conclusion. Freshmen who have started regular hand-to-hand combat classes have an increase in the blood content of erythrocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes. This indicates an increase in their nonspecific resistance due to the activation of its main cellular mechanisms. The refusal to exercise is accompanied by a low level of erythrocytes and lymphocytes in the blood, which creates functionally unfavorable conditions for metabolism in the body and leads to a weakening of general resistance.

Literature

1. Makhov A.S. Physiological reaction of the cardiovascular system in representatives of different sports to vestibular irritations / A.S. Makhov, S.Yu. Zavalishina // Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoj kultury. 2021. No. 7. p. 97.
2. Dorontsev A.V. Physical capabilities of asthenized young men who started hand-to-hand combat classes / A.V. Dorontsev, I.N. Medvedev, A.L. Yurchenko // Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoj kultury. 2023. No. 5. p. 95.