M.R. Miftakhov
Ministry of youth, sports and tourism of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan

Key words: student games, sports venue, efficiency, sports infrastructure.

Physical culture and sport are an important factor of maintenance and promotion of people's health, the way of communication, active leisure, an alternative to bad habits and various asocial phenomena.

Meanwhile, physical culture and sport are of big economic value: the means invested in their development are repaid, which is notable in the increase of overall working capacity and longer human life. The state expenditures for physical culture and sport are an economically effective investment in development of the human potential and improvement of the quality of people's life.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the modern approaches to construction and effective use of new sports facilities.

Results and discussion. The physical culture and sport infrastructure is an important component of the city social infrastructure. The network of physical culture and sport venues is more complicated and diversified in comparison to other systems of people’s service. This network is included into many structural elements of cities; it is used by people of all age groups, comprises various types of ownership, covers large territories and dynamically changes. The resource base should be considered as the main component of the physical culture and sport infrastructure. This base consists of appropriate service system objects, as well as of administrative civic, educational, entertainment, fitness and popular recreation objects.

The great importance of forming a valid physical culture and sport infrastructure was emphasized by Russian president V.V. Putin at the session of the XVIII General Assembly of the Association of National Olympic Committees on April 13, 2012: ‘The formation of a stable mass sport system, building of a sufficient amount of sport venues, providing their accessibility, enhancing the role of physical culture in learning and education are the first-priorities for many countries, and undoubtedly for Russia. Our goal is to achieve by 2020 the situation when at least 40% of our people will practice sports regularly, will have healthy and active lifestyle’.

In the second article of the Federal law on Physical culture and sports in the Russian federation physical culture is determined as one of the main constituents of the social infrastructure, its importance consisting in reproducing the social physical resources, in a rational usage of leisure time, and in the opportunities for self-actualization in the field of sport.

The development of physical culture in the Republic of Tatarstan is a foreground task of the current social policy, based on the reliable normative legal background. The government policy in the field of physical culture and sport is implemented in accordance with the resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Tatarstan №1134, December 30, 2010, ‘On the formation of a long-term target program of development of physical culture and sport in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2011-2015’.

Nowadays there is a positive dynamics in the field of development of modern and accessible conditions for practicing physical culture and sports. This is provided by the first-rate sport venues in Russia and Europe, built in the Republic: Basket-Hall, ice palace “Tatneft Arena”, Field hockey centre, International equestrian complex “Kazan”, Tennis academy, clay target shooting complex and so on.

The improvement of sport infrastructure of the Republic of Tatarstan was given a new impetus due to the XXVII Summer Universiade.

In the World University Games 64 modern multifunctional objects were used, 36 of them were new ones.

Unique technological solutions were applied when building new facilities.

The Wrestling palace Ak Bars contains a sport zone with a main 2,000-seat sport hall, 4 training halls, a gym, a fitness centre, a recreation centre with saunas, hydroprocedures and a pool. The palace is adapted for various kinds of martial arts, both common (judo, wrestling, sambo, etc.) and more rare (e.g. aikido, wushu, capoeira).

There was only one 50-m pool in the city before the Universiade. Within the framework of preparation for the Universiade five 50-m pools were built in Kazan, two of which are located in the Aquatics palace.

This is a unique venue both by architectural style and by functional capacities. Three pool decks are located under one roof. Modern technologies, such as mobile walls and floors, were applied, that helps to use the complex effectively for competitions in various sport disciplines and for sport classes of different people groups. This is the first pool complex with such a technology in Russia.

Paddle sports centre was established on a natural pond. In contains a rowing channel, boat sheds with modern boats for boat racing, rowing and canoeing, three separate pools for every kind of boats. There are all conditions for perennial training. There is a hotel in the neighborhood. Federal training center for reserve teams of Russia is to be created on the base of the Paddle sports centre.

Kazan Arena stadium was built in accordance with the FIFA requirements for 5 star stadiums. After the Universiade this stadium will be used for matches of the Kazan football team “Rubin”. Besides, competitions of the FINA World Cup 2015 were held there, for which two pools will be installed there. The stadium is also included in the list of venues which will host group games of the Confederations Cup 2017 and FIFA World Cup 2018. The stadium was built using up-to-date technologies and solutions, so it can host both sport and cultural and entertainment events. The architectural concept was developed by the international architectural bureau “Populous”, which took part in the development of the projects of Wembley and Emirates football arenas and the Olympic stadium in Melbourne.

Along with the preparation for the Universiade, the questions of rational and effective usage of the venues afterwards were worked out in detail.

The owners of 30 new sport objects of the Kazan University Games were initially determined according to the Concept of the Universiade heritage. So, 18 venues were assigned to federal high schools, 4 – to the ownership of the Republic of Tatarstan, and 8 – to the municipal ownership. Thus, excellent conditions for physical culture and sport classes of about 70 thousand students within walking distance from their high schools were created. The conditions of education and training in children’s and youth sports schools and schools of Olympic reserve were improved in the republic. About 25 thousand children of Kazan, practicing 50 various sports, got new modern venues.

The people of the republic also have an opportunity to attend modern sport objects (ice arenas, sports halls, swimming pools), which were designed for the top-level competitions, and eventually this makes physical culture and sport more popular and prestigious. Over 33 thousand people attend daily ice arenas, sports halls and swimming pools in Kazan only.

New forms of healthy life-style popularization, such as sports festivals among students, secondary and high schools, government employees, pensioners and disabled persons, are applied at the Universiade objects.

Besides, in 2013 the VII Sports festival of the Federal tax service of Russia (about 300 participants), the Sports festival of the prosecution services of the Russian Federation, Ukraine and the Republic of Belarus (about 380 participants), and the Х summer National Gazprom festival (about 2000 participants) were carried out at the sport facilities.

The conditions formed in the republic in the last years indicate the serious promotion of its sport image and further perspectives for forming healthy lifestyle of people.

As a natural result, the intense development of the sport infrastructure provided a significant increase of the percentage of people engaged in physical culture and sport.  For example, it equaled 15,56 % in 2006, and grew up to 29,02% by the beginning of 2013. Nonetheless, despite the percentage of people regularly practicing physical culture and sport in the Republic of Tatarstan is somewhat higher than in other regions of the Russian Federation, it is noticeably lower as compared to developed countries (40-60 %).

Conclusion. Despite the developed physical culture and sport infrastructure, they are still irregularly distributed in different regions of the republic which does not facilitate the active involvement of people in physical culture and sport classes. It is especially essential in view of providing the large-scale involvement of physical culture and sport classes in the places where people live, work and study, and as one of the measures on enhancement of the demographic situation.

The irregular growth rates of the large-scale involvement in physical culture and sport occupations are accompanied by their uneven spread among single population groups (students, children and teenagers, working people etc.).

Hence, nowadays the priority goal of the Ministry of youth, sports and tourism of the Republic of Tatarstan is to search for new forms, methods of involvement of the republic population in regular physical culture and sport occupations at sports facilities.

References

1. Sport facilities for trainings [Electronic source]: official web site of the directorate of the XXVII World Summer Student Games -2013 in Kazan. – Kazan – URL: http://kazan2013.ru/ru/sportobjects/training (In Russian)
2. Sport facilities for competitions [Electronic source]: official web site of the directorate of the XXVII World Summer Student Games -2013 in Kazan. – Kazan – URL:  http://kazan2013.ru/ru/sports_facilities (In Russian)

Corresponding authors: Marsel.Miftahov@tatar.ru