Dr. Hab., Professor V.I. Lyakh¹
Dr. Biol., Professor S.P. Levushkin^2
1Moscow State University of Sport and Tourism, Moscow
²Russian University Sport (SCOLIPE), Moscow

Keywords: block periodization of training, physiological adaptation.

Introduction. The scientific concept of block periodization (BP) of sports training was proposed in the 80s as an alternative to the traditional planning program [1]. Since then, the use of BP among scientists and practitioners has remained high. The growing interest in using this concept in practice is due to the fact that the sport of higher achievements is a representative area in which the requirements for innovative approaches in the field of training are particularly high.
The aim of the study is to generalize the available data characterizing the influence of sports training based on BP on the physiological indicators of athletes.
The results of the study and their discussion. The study of the effect of sports training based on BP on the aerobic capabilities of athletes showed a significant increase in maximum oxygen consumption after a high-intensity aerobic program, i.e. the mesocycle of the transforming block [2]. Performing training according to the type of certain blocks stimulated the involvement of the corresponding hormones, which provide favorable adaptation to the dominant type of loads used [3]. During adaptation, phenomena related to mitochondrial biogenesis, the content of myonuclei in muscle fibers, and an increase in the size/strength of rapidly contracting fibers occur at the molecular level [4, 5].
Conclusions. The available data suggest that the use of BP programs contributes to a significant improvement in the process of physiological adaptation to training loads. Further study of the physiological prerequisites of BP training will allow us to better understand their mechanisms and ensure its more effective implementation in the training of highly qualified athletes.

Literature

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2. Breil, F.A., Weber, S.N., Koller, S., Hoppeler, H., Vogt, M. (2010). Block training periodization in alpine skiing: effect of 11-day HIT VO2max and performance. Eur J Appl Physiol, 109:1077–86.
3. Mäestu, J., Jürimäe, J., Jürimäe, T. (2005). Hormonal response to maximal rowing before and after heavy increase in training volume in highly trained male rowers. J Sports Med Phys Fit, 45(1): 121–6.
4. Luden, N., Hayes, E., Galpin, A., Minchev, K., Jemiolo, B., Raue, U. (2010). Myocellular basis for tapering in competitive distance runners. J Appl Physiol, 108(6): 1501–9.
5. Wang, L., Mascher, H., Psilander, N., Blomstrand, E., Sahlin, K. (2011). Resistance exercise enhances the molecular signaling of mitochondrial biogenesis induced by endurance exercise in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol, 111: 1335–44.