PhD E.S. Tkacheva¹
Dr. Med., Professor G.S. Mal²
Dr. Biol., Professor S.Yu. Zavalishina³
Dr. Biol., Professor O.N. Makurina^4
1Vologda State Dairy Farming Academy by N.V. Vereshchagin, Vologda
²Kursk State Medical University, Kursk
³Russian State Social University, Moscow
⁴Samara University, Samara

Keywords: basketball, respiratory system, lungs, heart, adolescence.

Introduction. Sports activities primarily develop the cardiorespiratory system, which is very important for the realization of any physical manifestations and achieving athletic results [1]. At the same time, the study of the effect of basketball on the lungs and heart requires further clarification.
The aim of the study is to find out the features of the development of the cardiorespiratory system in young basketball players.
Methodology and organization of the study. The observation was performed on 23 healthy basketball players (from 17 to 21 years old) who attended the sports section for at least 2 years at least 2 times during the week. The control group included 16 healthy young people (17-21 years old) who were not associated with sports activities. The examination was performed using an SSD-80 "Aloka" echocardiograph (Japan). The respiratory system was evaluated using the Spiro-Spectrum device (Neurosoft Russia).
The results of the study and their discussion. The left atrium of the basketball players had a slightly larger volume than in the control group (by 8.2%). In athletes, the anterior-posterior diameter of the left ventricle during diastole showed a tendency to exceed by 5.4% that value in physically untrained. The thickness of the posterior wall of the left ventricle in athletes during diastole was 16.3% higher than that in the control. The final diastolic volume of the basketball players was 7.9% lower than that in the control group. The value of myocardial mass in basketball players exceeded the control indicator by 22.4%, speaking about the formation of physiological myocardial hypertrophy in them with normal cardiac output. In the boys of the control group, the value of the vital capacity of the lungs was 4.11 ± 0.36 liters, in basketball players it was 5.75 ± 0.29 liters. The forced volume of vital capacity of the lungs in the control group was 3.71 ± 0.34 liters, in basketball players it reached 5.92 ± 0.24 liters. The volume of forced exhalation in basketball players realized in the first half second and the first second of the exit act was 3.57 ± 0.12 l and 5.22± 0.26 l, respectively. In the individuals who made up the control group, these parameters were lower, amounting to 2.87±0.26 l and 1.74±0.27 l, respectively.
Conclusion. The functional state of the cardiorespiratory system is a reliable marker of the level of athletic training, including in basketball. Basketball players are characterized by high contractile abilities of the heart and the development of the respiratory apparatus.

Literature

1. Medvedev I.N. Functional features of the heart in athletes / I.N. Medvedev, E.S. Kachenkova // Theory and practice of physical culture. – 2021. – No. 8.– pp. 20-21.