PhD A.I. Golovachev¹
Dr. Biol. T.F. Abramova¹
PhD E.A. Gorbunova¹
PhD N.B. Novikova^2
1Federal Science Center of Physical Culture and Sport, Moscow
²Saint-Petersburg Scientific-Research institute for Physical Culture, Saint-Petersburg

Objective of the study was to identify the peculiarities of functional adaptation of highly-qualified racing skiers at the venue for the final stage of preparation for the main start of the season in different phases of acute acclimatization.
Methods and structure of the study. Sampled for the study were 8 male racing skiers aged 24-36 years, having the sports qualifications from Masters of Sport to Honored Masters of Sport. The subjects were tested during the 21-day training in the middle altitude conditions (1820 m, Khmelevskiye mountain lakes, Krasnodar Krai), at the final stage of preparation for the 2021 World Championship in Oberstdorf (Germany) and the 2021 Russian Cup Final in Syktyvkar (Russia).
The athletes were asked to perform 8-min non-maximum muscle work on the Monark cycle ergometer (Sweden) at the resistance load set in accordance with the following protocol: starting stage – 720 kgm/min (120 W), surplus load – 240 kgm/min (40 W), duration of each stage - 2 minutes, pedaling rate – 80 rpm.
Results and conclusions. The study enabled to identify the peculiarities of the adaptation processes and determine the most significant individual markers of formation of the oxidative energy system, lactic acid energy system, and cardiovascular system in terms of the middle altitude training (Khmelevskiye mountain lakes, 1820 m). The following parameters turned out to be the most significant: maximal oxygen consumption, lactate concentration, HR, balanced ratio of MBC to O2UC and mechanical efficiency coefficients, together with the oxygen pulse value, which reflect the maturity of the regulatory mechanisms. A peculiar feature of the adaptation processes is the established heterochrony and mutual compensation of the studied systems in the acute acclimatization phase. In terms of the selected methodical direction of the training process design (trainings at the altitude of 1820 m, Khmelevskiye mountain lakes), the time-frame to reach the stable level of the functional status is 7 to 11 days.

Keywords: adaptation to middle altitude conditions, functional status, energy systems (oxidative, lactic acid), acute acclimatization phase, highly-qualified racing skiers, final training stage.

References

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