Dr. Med., Dr.Biol., Professor I.N. Medvedev¹
Dr. Hab., Associate Professor A.S. Makhov^1
1Russian State Social University, Moscow

Keywords: teenagers, sports, physiology, basketball, muscle load, endurance.

Introduction. Increasing the overall physical activity of young people lays the foundation for their comprehensive recovery and increasing the potential of their labor activity [1]. Among the popular and effective options for stimulating physical development in adolescents is basketball [2].
The aim of the study is to identify the dependence of the somatotype of adolescent basketball players on the length of sports experience.
Methodology and organization of the study. The study included 48 adolescent basketball players aged 12-14 who trained at least four times a week for 60 minutes. Taking into account the experience of sports, they were divided into three groups: The 1st group-a control group, included basketball players up to one year (15 people); the 2nd group consisted of basketball players with an experience of one to two years (16 people) and the 3rd group included basketball players with an experience of three years or more (17 people). The Pinier index, the Erisman index, the body mass index, the Rohrer index, the Pirke-Beduzi index, the vital index, the leading arm strength index, and the Treasurer index were recorded.
The results of the study and their discussion. As the seniority of basketball players increases, an increase in the Pinier index is noted, which indicates a strengthening of their overall physical development. The values of the Erisman index in basketball players of the 2nd and 3rd groups were higher than in the control group by 26.8 % and 68.2 %, respectively. The average value of the body mass index in the examined basketball players in the control was 18.4±0.29 kg / m2, in the 2nd group‑18.8±0.21 kg/m2, in the 3rd – 19.7±0.22 kg/m2, showing no differences in this indicator. The Rohrer index showed that group 1 (13.3±0.24 kg/m3) was slightly inferior in body harmony to group 2 (11.7±0.20 kg/m3) and group 3 (11.3±0.28 kg/m3). The average values of the Pirke-Beduzi index in the three observation groups had no significant differences: in the control group, it was 93.6±0.88 %, in the 2nd group 94.6±0.69% and in the 3rd group-93.2±0.75 %. The longer the experience of physical training, the higher the life index. So, in the 2nd group, in comparison with the control, this indicator was higher by 14.5 %, and in the 3rd group-higher by 18.6 %.
The examined adolescents were "stayers" who were able to perform long-term cyclic physical exercises for endurance. At the same time, the Kaznacheyev index increased with the growth of sports experience. In the control group, it was lower (0.5±0.07 %) than in the 2nd (0.7±0.04%) and 3rd groups (0.8±0.05%). The highest power index of the leading hand was found in the basketball players of the 3rd group (51.6±0.58 %), in the second group it was lower (41.4±0.62%), but prevailed over the control level by 16.9 %.
Conclusion. As the length of basketball practice increases, the morphofunctional status of adolescents becomes stronger. Regular basketball training for more than one year provides an increase in the frequency of occurrence among athletes of medium and strong physique.

References

1. Kachenkova E.S., Zavalishina S.Y, Makurina O.N., Kulkova I.V., Tkacheva E.S. Physiological Reaction of the Cardiovascular System of Men 50-59 Years to Feasible Regular Physical Activity. Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal. 2020; 13(4): 1719-1727. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2046.
2. Zavalishina S.Y., Karpov V.Y., Eremin M.V., Bakulina E.D., Boldov A.S., Dorontsev A.V. Optimization of Physiological Processes in Conditions Staged Activation of Motor Activity in Cardiac Patients. Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal. 2020; 13(4) : 1653-1658. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2040.