PhD, Associate Professor Y.A. Dubrovskaya¹
Dr. Hab., Professor G.V. Rudenko¹
PhD, Associate Professor N.A. Vakhnin^1
1Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg

Objective of the study was to analyze the formation of physical education as a subject in the technical educational institutions of the Russian Empire from 1715 to 1834.
Methods and structure of the study. The review of the archival sources showed the way from the origins of physical education in the technical educational institutions of the Russian Empire to the inclusion in the training process of gymnastics and other physical exercises.
Results and conclusions. The article defines the main stages of development of physical culture in the technical educational institutions of the Russian Empire from the early XVIII century to the mid-30s of the XIX century.
First stage (1716-1773). Occasional physical activity after classes. There were no systemized training programs at that time, nor was there physical education in the modern sense. It was an ordinary entertainment and play physical activities after classes without reference to the educational process: wrestling, fist and hand-to-hand fights, tug of war, warming up in between the classes.
Second stage (1773-1804). Inclusion of physical exercises in extracurricular activities. As a separate discipline "Physical Education" was not included in the curricula of the civilian educational institutions and was a benefit of the class group of students. The nobility were engaged in apparatus activities, fencing, shooting, horseback riding, and dancing; self-employed plebeian - in swimming, strength sports, and wrestling. The academic school day included walks, games, gymnastics exercises and ball games.
Third stage (1804-1834). Inclusion of physical exercises in academic programs. Physical education was introduced into the educational and training process as an auxiliary teaching aid, depending on the willingness of the education authorities and availability of the necessary funds. There was no scientific-methodological approach to physical education and physical training in most educational institutions until the middle of the XIX century. Physical education lessons were fixated in the "Manual for the Institute of the Corps of Mining Engineers" only in 1834.

Keywords: physical education, physical culture, technical educational institutions of the Russian Empire.

References

1. Nastavlenie dlya Instituta Korpusa gornykh inzhenerov: [Manual for the Institute of the Corps of Mining Engineers]. appr. 25 July 25, 1834 St. Petersburg: s.n., 1834]. 171 p.
2. Rudenko G.V., Panchenko I.A., Dubrovskaya Yu.A. Fizicheskaya kultura kak faktor sohraneniya i ukrepleniya zdorovya rabotnikov gornoy otrasli [Physical education as factor in preserving and strengthening health of mining industry workers]. Izvestiya Tulskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Nauki o Zemle. 2018. No. 2. pp. 172-177.
3. Rudskoy A.I., Borovkov A.I., Romanov P.I. Analiz otechestvennogo opyita razvitiya inzhenernogo obrazovaniya [Analysis of domestic experience in development of engineering education]. Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii. 2018. No. 1 (219). pp. 151-162.
4. Saltyikov F.S. Propozitsii Fedora Saltyikova: Rukopis iz sobraniya P.N. Tikhanova [Fyodor Saltykov's propositions: Manuscript from P.N. Tikhanov’s collection]. St. Petersburg: Obshchestvo lyubiteley drevnosti. Publ., 1891. 36 p.