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90-95 RAR ENG Misbakhov A.A. Volga Region State University of Physical Education, Sports and Tourism Usmanova E.N. Volga Region State University of Physical Education, Sports and Tourism Kozhanov V.V. Chuvash State Pedagogical University of I.Ya. Yakovlev Improving the strength capabilities of qualified female weightlifters in the preparatory period of the annual training cycle Improving the strength capabilities of qualified female weightlifters in the preparatory period of the annual training cycle Objective of the study To develop practical recommendations for improving strength abilities, taking into account the nutrition and endocrine system performance of qualified female weightlifters.Methods and structure of the study. We conducted a pedagogical experiment involving six female weightlifting masters of sport and three amateur athletes. The study was conducted at the Batyr Sports Complex in Kazan. We studied performance in competitive events (snatch and clean and jerk) and results in control exercises for explosive strength.Results and conclusions. While studying the hormonal levels of female weightlifters during the preparatory period, we identified two types of hormonal imbalances: low triiodothyronine levels and high thyroxine levels. We developed a retracting microcycle for low triiodothyronine levels and high thyroxine levels. Improving strength abilities requires not only a well-designed training plan and high motivation, but also maintaining normal levels of endocrine hormones. 03.07.2026 article-1.pdf strength abilities explosive power qualified female weightlifters preparatory period hormonal background nutritional features.

87-89 RAR ENG Khubbiev Sh.Z. Saint-Petersburg State University; The Military Institute of Physical Training of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation Zarodnyuk G.V. Saint-Petersburg Mining University Karavan A.V. Military Educational Institution of Logistics named after General of the Army A.V. Khrulyov Zinoviev N.A. Baltic State Technical University «VOENMEH» named after D.F. Ustinov Developing physical fitness through the principle of ‘repetition without repetition’ Developing physical fitness through the principle of ‘repetition without repetition’ Objective of the study is to substantiate ‘repetition without repetition’ as a principle for developing physical fitness. Methods and structure of the study. The study involved a review of the scientific and methodological literature, systematic analysis, deduction and induction, and content analysis. The research was conducted between 2024 and 2025. Results and conclusions. It has been established that the principle of ‘repetition without repetition’ refers to the repeated execution of movements to solve a motor task during the development of physical fitness. The latter is based on motor abilities. 02.13.2026 article-2.pdf physical training skill development repetition without repetition review.

83-86 RAR RUS Filimonova S.I. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics Boldyrev I.I. Voronezh State Academy of Sports Stebletsov E.A. Voronezh State Academy of Sports Morozov M.V. Moscow State Academy of Physical Education The concept of using physical culture as a driving force for the modernisation of the legislative sector The concept of using physical culture as a driving force for the modernisation of the legislative sector Objective of the study is to develop a model for the organisation of physical education and sport in which infrastructural, symbolic, activity-based and legal components are united by the common goal of fostering civic identity, a sense of place and a readiness to defend the homeland. Methods and structure of the study. Review of the scientific literature, comparative analysis, modelling. Results and conclusions. It has been shown that the existing legal framework only partially reflects the educational, developmental and integrative potential of physical education, which creates a systemic obstacle to the implementation of a comprehensive state policy in this area. Furthermore, the physical spaces of physical culture – school stadiums, street workout areas, fitness and health centres, and recreational zones – continue to be viewed either as ‘sports facilities’ (technical units) or as ‘leisure venues’ (service points). They are not conceptualised as territories of meaning. Yet it is precisely here—in movement, in physical and sporting activities, in overcoming challenges, and in joint effort—that fundamental patriotic attitudes are formed: a sense of home, a readiness to defend, a habit of caring for the territory, and identification with the place. 02.12.2026 article-3.pdf physical culture model organisation legislative framework patriotic education.

80-82 RAR RUS Romanchenko S.A. Pushkin Leningrad State University Grigan S.A. Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration Correction of musculoskeletal disorders in students of special medical health group ‘a’ through swimming and water-based muscle strengthening exercises Correction of musculoskeletal disorders in students of special medical health group ‘a’ through swimming and water-based muscle strengthening exercises Musculoskeletal disorders in students are considered one of the most common forms of functional deviations in young age. The majority of students exhibit various forms of posture disorders, including scoliotic posture, increased physiological spinal curvatures, asymmetry of the shoulder girdle and pelvis. Students of special medical group ‘A’ represent a contingent with functional deviations that do not impede physical education classes but require adaptation of the content and intensity of the load. The main objectives of physical education for this group are the correction of identified deviations, restoration of the functional state of the musculoskeletal system (MSS), and the formation of stable self-control skills. Objective of the study is to scientifically substantiate and experimentally verify the effectiveness of a comprehensive program for correcting functional musculoskeletal disorders in students of special medical health group ‘A,’ based on the combined use of swimming and exercises aimed at strengthening the muscular corset, within the process of physical education in a higher educational institution. Methods and structure of the study. The study was conducted at DSTU from September to December during physical education classes for students of special medical group ‘A.’ Results and conclusions. The research results confirm the advisability of a comprehensive approach to organizing classes for students of special medical health group ‘A,’ wherein swimming and muscle-strengthening exercises are considered not as auxiliary, but as fundamental components of correctional and health-improving work. 02.20.2026 students of special medical group strengthening of the muscular corset swimming.

79-79 SCO ENG Artegov P.D. Perm State Humanitarian Pedagogical University Developing swimming skills in adults using applied swimming techniques Developing swimming skills in adults using applied swimming techniques The results of the experiment confirmed the effectiveness of applied methods for teaching swimming to adult learners. In EG-1, the use of an individually differentiated approach in teaching adults ensured the development of swimming skills and psychological confidence. In EG-2, statistically significant positive changes were observed after the sessions in both endurance levels (Cooper test) and swimming technique quality. 11.20.2025 article-5.pdf swimming swimming lessons adults fear of water motor skills practical swimming techniques.

76-78 RAR RUS Tsukhlov N.A. Volga Region State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism Burtseva E.V. Volga Region State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism Parfenova L.A. Volga Region State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism Adaptive physical education based on a functional-digital approach and football tools for children with intellectual disabilities Adaptive physical education based on a functional-digital approach and football tools for children with intellectual disabilities Objective of the study is to provide a theoretical justification for applying the functional-digital (phygital) approach in the process of adaptive physical education, with an emphasis on creating individualized and motivating conditions for the development of motor and cognitive skills in children with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methodology and organization of the study. The study is grounded in the analysis of scientific and methodological literature and regulatory documents, the description of modern digital and interactive technologies (VR, AR, MR) in adaptive physical education, as well as a structured examination of algorithms within digital platforms that implement the principles of adaptability, individualization, visualization, and progress monitoring for children with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorder. Results and conclusions. The implementation of the functional-digital approach in the process of adaptive physical education contributes to the formation of a controlled, personalized, and predictable learning environment for children with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders. The use of digital technologies such as VR, AR, and MR makes it possible not only to individualize the workload and exercise complexity but also to provide visual support and instant feedback, which enhances motivation, engagement, and the frequency of motor action repetitions. The analysis demonstrates that the use of the functional-digital approach ensures the comprehensive development of physical qualities, cognitive and social skills, contributes to the prevention of secondary disabilities, and provides conditions for safe, gradual, and motivating acquisition of new motor abilities. The digital environment becomes an effective tool for supporting a child along an individual developmental trajectory and facilitating social integration. Overall, the phygital approach in adaptive physical education confirms its high effectiveness and promise for working with children with ID and ASD. 02.20.2026 adaptive physical culture phygital approach intellectual disabilities autism spectrum disorder children social adaptation

73-75 RAR RUS Kadomtseva E.M. Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Ponomarev V.V. Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Fateeva T.V. Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Grigoriev V.V. Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Physical fitness of students of universities of the Siberian region in comparative context with the standards of the all-russian physical skills GTO Physical fitness of students of universities of the Siberian region in comparative context with the standards of the all-russian physical skills GTO Objective of the study The aim of the study is to conduct a theoretical and statistical analysis of the physical fitness of students in the Siberian region, comparing it with the standards of the GTO Physical Fitness Test (Level VII), to identify trends and to develop corrective scientific and methodological measures. Methods and structure of the study. The study was conducted between 2024 and 2025. First- and second-year students took part in the study from: Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk (SFU); Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of Russia (KSMU); Siberian State University of Science and Technology named after Academician M.F. Reshetnev, Krasnoyarsk (SSUST); and Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University (KSAU). The total sample size was 1,450 students. Over a two-year period, follow-up testing of physical fitness indicators was conducted among male and female students: 100 m run (male and female students), 3000 m run (male students), 2000 m run (females) sit-ups in one minute (females) and pull-ups on a high bar (males). The results of the fitness tests yielded over 4,500 physical fitness indicators. This statistical data was analysed using mathematical statistics and compiled into tables. Furthermore, an analysis of the physical fitness indicators was carried out against the standards of the GTO Physical Culture and Sports System – Level VII, on the basis of which the main conclusions were formulated. Results and conclusions. The analytical study revealed a low level of physical fitness among university students in the Krasnoyarsk Krai, whose results do not meet the GTO standards. Female students’ physical fitness indicators are higher than those of male students; in the 100-metre sprint, their results correspond to the GTO bronze badge, and in the one-minute sit-up test, to the silver badge. At the same time, for male students, the GTO bronze badge is achieved only in the 100-metre sprint. To address the aforementioned identified issues in the physical education of university students, the following innovative organisational and methodological measures are proposed to improve the content and focus of the current physical education system for students: to restructure the targeted content of the physical education curriculum for students at the university, specifically to prepare them to meet the GTO physical fitness standards; to design a sport-specific approach to physical education that enables students to develop the skills and abilities required for selected sports (Specialist Diploma + competitive athlete); to implement a comprehensive approach to students’ physical education aimed at encouraging students to engage actively in physical education and sport and at improving the physical fitness of future specialists. 03.04.2026 article-7.pdf students universities the Siberian region GTO physical fitness standards comparative analysis physical fitness.

70-72 RAR RUS Grigan S.A. Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration Ryzhkin N.V. Don State Technical University Korobov I.A. Don State Technical University Gvozdikova A.A. Don State Technical University Physical education classes at university as a factor in the development of students’ speed and strength abilities Physical education classes at university as a factor in the development of students’ speed and strength abilities Objective of the study is to investigate the effect of incorporating additional exercises into students’ training programme on the development of speed-strength abilities. Methods and structure of the study. The experiment involved 100 students from Don State Technical University aged between 17 and 22. The initial level of speed-strength exercises was assessed for the control and experimental groups of students. The following tests were used for this purpose: 100-metre sprint, long jump (from a standing start and from a running start), standing long jump, and shuttle run. Results and conclusions. Based on the theoretical and methodological research of other authors, a programme has been developed to improve students’ speed-strength abilities, which includes hopping from foot to foot along a gymnastics bench, jumping over an obstacle on both feet, skipping, jumping on the spot whilst throwing a weight from the chest, and shuttle runs. The results of applying this programme showed positive progress in the experimental group across all test exercises: from 2.9% to 7.5% over three months. 01.12.2026 article-8.pdf speed and strength abilities students passing fitness tests additional exercises.

67-69 RAR RUS Glazkova G.B. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics Mamonova O.V. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics Dubrov A.A. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics Indicators of students’ readiness for physical exercise Indicators of students’ readiness for physical exercise Objective of the study is to identify effective aspects of physical education for university students, taking into account their level of readiness for physical activity. Methods and structure of the study. Research was conducted at Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, comprising: a review of the literature; a survey of first-year students (healthy students (n=390) and students with health issues (n=390)); and predictive modelling of students’ physical education. Results and conclusions. The experiment involved students from health groups I and II (the general medical group, GMG) and health group III (the special medical group, SMG). Priority forms of physical activity at school (team sports, gymnastics, athletics and ski training), as first-level predictors, were taken into account in the predictive modelling of students’ physical education (PE): the introduction of priority types of sports games at school and physical education (PE) lessons, as well as sports clubs, including those for SMG students (taking into account their state of health). Factors increasing and decreasing students’ physical activity as second-level predictors determine the prognostic significance for the modernisation of PE: professional development of specialists in priority types of sports games at school and corresponding types of phygital sports; the application of digital technologies in the physical education and sports process, including with SMG students; the introduction of soft and neuroscientific sports activities into lessons. The identified predictors of students’ readiness for physical activity formed the basis for predictive modelling of PE, extrapolating positive experiences of participation in clubs for priority sports to achieve a cumulative effect in improving young people’s health. 02.20.2026 article-9.pdf students fitness levels physical activity health status specialist medical group general medical group.

66-66 RAR RUS Pospelov A.V. Perm Municipal Autonomous General Education Institution ‘Secondary School No. 47’ The use of integrated activities in physical education classes The use of integrated activities in physical education classes The integration of the ‘Physical Culture’ course (the ‘Basketball’ module) with the subjects ‘Russian Language,’ ‘Mathematics,’ and ‘English’ in the elementary school curriculum promotes the development of meta-disciplinary universal learning activities among students. This approach ensures a more interconnected mastery of the curriculum. As a result, students become more aware of their learning activities, and the connection between theoretical knowledge and practical experience is strengthened. 04.07.2026 article-10.pdf interdisciplinary integration meta-disciplinary universal learning activities integrated assignments practice-oriented case studies.

62-65 RAR RUS Antipov A.V. Federal State University of Education Shustova E.V. Federal State University of Education Nikolaev P.P. Samara State University of Economics Vaseltsova I.A. Volga State Transport University Developing students’ social and communication skills through gaming sports Developing students’ social and communication skills through gaming sports Objective of the study is to identify the educational potential of team sports in developing the social and communication skills of university students and to experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of their use in the university educational process. Methods and structure of the study. The study was conducted over two semesters at the university’s sports facilities and involved 68 first-, second- and third-year students. The students were divided into an experimental and a control group of 34 students each, who were identical in terms of physical fitness and lack of regular experience in team sports, ensuring their initial homogeneity. The experimental group followed a specially designed programme based on the systematic use of five-a-side football, volleyball and basketball, with the structure of the sessions aimed at developing skills in teamwork, rapid information exchange and coordination of actions in dynamic game situations. Sessions took place twice a week and combined training and game-based activities. Results and conclusions. Analysis of the data revealed the dynamics of the development of students’ social and communication skills under the influence of systematic participation in team sports. The results of the study showed that the systematic use of five-a-side football, volleyball and basketball has a marked positive effect on the development of students’ social and communication skills. During the experiment, participants in the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements across all key indicators, including communicative tolerance, the level of group inclusion and the effectiveness of team interaction. 01.11.2026 article-11.pdf : team sports students teamwork interpersonal communication education soft skills.

58-61 RAR RUS Tatyanina L.G. Saint-Petersburg Mining University; Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration Kirpichnikova A.V. University associated with the Interparliamentary Assembly of the Eurasian Economic Community Alekseeva N.D. Baltic State Technical University «VOENMEH» named after D.F. Ustinov Novitskiy Ya.I. Saint-Petersburg Mining University An analysis of prone to deviant behaviour and coping strategies among school-age athletes An analysis of prone to deviant behaviour and coping strategies among school-age athletes Objective of the study is to identify tendencies towards deviant behaviour and coping strategies among student athletes involved in cyclic sports and martial arts. Methods and structure of the study. An empirical study was conducted involving 136 students (99 males and 37 females) aged 17–19. All respondents were first-year university students in St Petersburg who were actively involved in sporting activities and participating in competitions. Standardised psychodiagnostic methods were used to collect data: the ‘Predisposition to Deviant Behaviour’ questionnaire and the ‘Coping Behaviour in Stressful Situations’ method. This empirical study examined the propensity for deviant behaviour and coping strategies among student athletes representing cyclic sports and martial arts. Results and conclusions. Significant differences were identified between the groups. Martial arts athletes demonstrate more pronounced non-conformity of attitudes and aggression, a moderate risk of addictive behaviour, and reduced volitional control. In turn, representatives of cyclic sports are characterised by conformity, low aggression, and high volitional control. Athletes in cyclic sports more often resort to problem-focused coping and seeking social support, and less frequently use emotion-focused strategies and avoidance. Combat sports athletes tend to choose emotion-focused coping and avoidance strategies, whilst seeking social support less frequently. 02.12.2026 article-12.pdf deviant behaviour coping strategies athletes student age analysis.

54-57 RAR RUS Sablin A.B. Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics; Moscow City University Aleskerov R.R. Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics Ulyanova E.A. Moscow City University Latak A.I. Moscow City University Improving the functional capabilities of schoolchildren aged 7–11 with respiratory diseases Improving the functional capabilities of schoolchildren aged 7–11 with respiratory diseases Objective of the study is to improve the functional abilities of primary school children with respiratory diseases through physical exercise. Methods and structure of the study. The pedagogical experiment was conducted from 13 January to 16 April 2025 in a specialised therapeutic physical education hall. Children from the experimental group visited the Moscow Kinesitherapy Centre three times a week and performed special sets of physical exercises for the respiratory system for 60 minutes. The overall endurance of the schoolchildren was determined by a 6-minute run test, the Stange and Genchi tests were used to measure the body's oxygen saturation, and spirometry was used to measure vital lung capacity. Results and conclusions. To evaluate the effectiveness of the experimental technique with schoolchildren aged 7-11, functional tests and test tasks were used, which were conducted before and after the experiment (assessment of overall endurance, oxygen saturation and vital capacity of the lungs). Before the start of the study, the groups were homogeneous, and the indicators did not have statistically significant differences (p>0.05). As a result of the study, the indicators in the control group became higher, but not significantly (p>0.05), while in the experimental group, the indicators in the 6-minute run test improved by 11.4%, in the breath-holding test, the indicators became higher by 13.8% and 16.8%, respectively, and in spirometry, the data increased by 19.2% (p<0.05). 01.21.2026 article-13.pdf respiratory diseases respiratory system schoolchildren health.

51-53 RAR RUS Shayhelislamova M.V. Kazan (Volga region) Federal University Dikopolskaya N.B. Kazan (Volga region) Federal University Sitdikova A.A. Kazan (Volga region) Federal University Bilalova G.A. Kazan (Volga region) Federal University Cortisol levels in athletes during their adaptation to physical exercise Cortisol levels in athletes during their adaptation to physical exercise Objective of the study is to investigate cortisol excretion levels in boys aged 11–15 under conditions of increased physical exertion. Methods and structure of the study. The study involved ice hockey players aged 11–15 and boys from a control group who were undergoing physical training as part of the general school curriculum. The excretion of bound (Cb) and free (Cf) cortisol in urine was studied. The concentration of Cb was determined by chemiluminescent immunoassay on microparticles using the ARCHITECT i optical system (manufactured in the USA). Free cortisol (Cf) was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with the URINARY ‘FREE’ CORTISOL ELISA (EIA-2989) kit (manufactured in Germany). A functional test in the form of a graded bicycle ergometer exercise test was used. Results and conclusions. Increased physical exertion is the dominant factor in the development of glucocorticoid function in the adrenal cortex of boys aged 11–15. High values of Cf and Cb in young ice hockey players, exceeding those of boys in the control group, indicate the stressful impact of physical exertion, particularly in the early stages of the training process. A decrease in Cf at the age of 15 against a background of stable Cb values, observed both at rest and following a controlled physical workload, may indicate the formation of a glucocorticoid reserve during training and an increase in children’s resistance to increased physical workload with age. 01.12.2026 article-14.pdf cortisol adolescents aged 11–15 hockey adaptive responses.

48-50 RAR RUS Inake E.K. Surgut State University Assessment of the morphological profile of young swimmers using bioimpedance analysis of body composition Assessment of the morphological profile of young swimmers using bioimpedance analysis of body composition Objective of the study is to determine the characteristics of body composition and phase angle in young athletes prior to commencing regular swimming training. Methods and structure of the study. A bioimpedance analysis of the body composition of young athletes aged 7 (a total of 67 participants, comprising 25 girls and 42 boys) with no prior experience of regular swimming training was conducted. The ABC-01 ‘Medass’ device was used to assess body fat mass, body fat percentage, skeletal muscle mass and skeletal muscle percentage, active cellular mass, phase angle and body type. Results and conclusions. It has been established that in young athletes who are beginning to swim regularly, the key body composition parameters fall within the age-appropriate range. However, boys tend to have a higher proportion of lean body mass and a higher level of active cellular mass, whilst girls have a higher percentage of adipose tissue. Phase angle indices in both groups correspond to low values, reflecting the functional immaturity of cell membranes in children of this age. A predominance of the ectomeso-morphic body type was identified, indicating harmonious physical development and favourable conditions for young athletes to master swimming movements. 03.16.2026 article-15.pdf : young swimmers bioimpedance analysis body composition initial training pedagogical monitoring somatotype

43-47 RAR RUS Marchik L.A. Ulyanovsk State University of Education Shurekov V.V. Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) Abubekyarov I.A. Ulyanovsk State University The effect of auditory and sensory stimuli – from contemporary music subcultures – on the functional state of young athletes The effect of auditory and sensory stimuli – from contemporary music subcultures – on the functional state of young athletes This article examines the impact of contemporary music genres (rap, electronic music, rock) on the cardiorespiratory system, physical fitness levels and situational anxiety among student athletes aged 18–20. The functional state and mental health of young people are found to be most vulnerable to the negative effects of rock music compared to electronic music and rap. 03.09.2026 article-16.pdf musical subcultures functional state of the body cardiorespiratory system heart rate blood pressure respiratory rate level of physical fitness psychophysiological state situational anxiety

39-42 RAR RUS Nikiforova O.N. Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy Markin E.V. Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy Soparev A.A. Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy The effect of physical activity on the dynamics of myocardial bioelectrical activity in students The effect of physical activity on the dynamics of myocardial bioelectrical activity in students Objective of the study is to investigate the effect of the nature of physical activity on the dynamics of myocardial bioelectrical activity in students at an agricultural university. Methods and structure of the study. A total of 62 students from an agricultural university were examined, from whom two groups were identified based on their levels of physical activity: Group A comprised students who continued to practise selected sports (25 individuals), and Group B comprised students who had stopped practising sport after their third year (41 individuals). The study of myocardial bioelectrical activity in students at an agricultural university was carried out using the results of the standard method for interpreting electrocardiograms. All parameters were recorded three times at each stage of the study: at rest, after a graded physical exercise test, and during the recovery period. A two-stage ‘step test’ on a 40 cm high step, based on the method of Y.S. Weinbaum, was used as the submaximal graded exercise test. All data obtained from the functional study were analysed using the method of variational statistics. Results and conclusions. Resting ECG data indicated an improvement in cardiovascular function among students participating in selected sports compared with those who had stopped practising sport. This was reflected in a prolongation of the cardiac cycle by 35.7 beats per minute, and the presence of a high percentage of moderate (68%) and marked (32%) sinus arrhythmia, indicating an increase in cardiac functional reserves among students who engaged in physical exercise throughout their time at university. Informative indicators for assessing the bioelectrical activity of the students’ myocardium under different types of physical activity include: the severity of sinus arrhythmia (∆RR=0.25–0.50 s), the characteristics of RR intervals, QT intervals and the amplitudes of the Pıı, Rıı, Tıı waves and the total voltage of the R waves in standard electrocardiogram leads. 01.15.2026 article-17.pdf : physical activity students bioelectrical activity of the myocardium.

36-38 RAR RUS Rudenko G.V. Saint-Petersburg Mining University Tkachuk M.G. Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health Zaytsev A.V. Saint-Petersburg Mining University Savelev D.S. Saint-Petersburg Mining University Criteria for rapid adaptability in judo during the training phase of athletes’ preparation Criteria for rapid adaptability in judo during the training phase of athletes’ preparation Objective of the study is to identify criteria for rapid trainability in judo athletes during the training phase of their preparation.  Methods and structure of the study. A questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the level of fitness, physical fitness testing was carried out, anthropometric measurements were taken followed by the calculation of physical development indices, and blood group determination was performed. The study was conducted at the Olympic Reserve Sports School in the Vasileostrovsky District of St Petersburg. A total of 34 judo athletes aged between 12 and 14 years, representing all weight categories and with between 3 and 7 years’ experience in the sport, were examined. Results and conclusions. Analysis of the questionnaires revealed the individual timeframes within which judokas achieved a specific level of sporting qualification, enabling them to be divided into two groups: fast learners and slow learners. It was found that the morphological indicators reliably distinguishing fast-training judokas include: low values for the Yarkho-Kaupe weight-height index, the Pigne index and the proportionality index, a normostenic body type, and belonging to blood group III (B). Fast-training judokas outperform slow-training judokas in physical fitness according to the results of two tests: push-ups and forward bends from a standing position on a gymnastics bench. The data obtained can serve as criteria for the sporting selection of young judokas during the training phase. 02.11.2026 article-18.pdf judoists stages of preparation trainability training phase athlete selection.

32-35 RAR RUS Simakov A.M. Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health Nifontov M.Yu. Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health Privalov A.V. Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health Izotov E.A. Saint-Petersburg Mining University Technical, tactical and special physical training for taekwondo practisers Technical, tactical and special physical training for taekwondo practisers Objective of the study is to analyse and synchronise technical and tactical skills with the specific physical fitness of taekwondo athletes during the preparatory training period. Methods and structure of the study. The research comprised an analysis of scientific and methodological literature, a pedagogical experiment, and the statistical processing of experimental data. 10 athletes, members of the St Petersburg ITF Taekwondo Junior Team, took part in the Russian ITF Taekwondo Championships (19-23 March 2025 in Sochi). The athletes trained using a specialised methodology, incorporating circuit training. Tasks designed to improve technical and tactical skills were alternated with specialised physical training exercises using the repetition-interval method. Results and conclusions. To determine the effectiveness of the specialised methodology aimed at synchronising the improvement of technical and tactical skills with the enhancement of taekwondo athletes’ specialised physical fitness during the preparatory period, control tests were conducted to assess specialised physical fitness. Objective indicators of the development of specialised endurance confirm the validity of applying a specialised methodology aimed at synchronising the combined effects of improving the level of specialised physical fitness and enhancing the technical and tactical skills of taekwondo athletes. 02.10.2026 article-19.pdf taekwondo specialised physical training training load endurance.

29-31 RAR RUS Maryin I.S. The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration Gridneva E.V. The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration Fetisov V.N. The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration Ponimasov O.E. Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; The Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia A model for assessing the effectiveness of swimming technique in the training of young sprint swimmers A model for assessing the effectiveness of swimming technique in the training of young sprint swimmers Objective of the study is to develop a model of swimming technique based on anthropometric factors, strength, power and the kinematic characteristics of young swimmers. Methods and structure of the study. The study involved 24 young male swimmers aged 12.5±0.9 years, with 3.5 years’ experience in competitive swimming, who regularly participate in regional competitions. A factor model of swimming technique effectiveness has been developed, taking into account current data on the factors determining the performance of young swimmers during the training phase of their preparation. Results and conclusions. The factor model of swimming technique efficiency includes variables relating to total force, hydrodynamic power and the kinematic efficiency of the stroke, which account for 68.7% of the performance of young swimmers. 01.12.2026 article-20.pdf training phase performance indicators swimmers anthropometry kinematic characteristics.

26-28 RAR RUS Andreev D.S. Volga Region State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism Konovalov I.E. Volga Region State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism Parfenova L.A. Volga Region State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism Andreev V.V. Katanov Khakass State University Organising the recovery process within the annual training cycle for elite basketball players Organising the recovery process within the annual training cycle for elite basketball players Objective of the study is to conduct an experimental evaluation of a model for organising the recovery process for student basketball players with competitive experience within a one-year training cycle. Methods and structure of the study. The following methods were employed in this research: analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature, questionnaires, factor analysis, pedagogical experiments, modelling, testing, and methods of mathematical statistics. The study was conducted at the Volga State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan (experimental group) and the Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev, Orel (control group). 30 qualified basketball players, members of university national teams, took part in the experiment, divided into two groups of 15 people each. Results and conclusions. In the experimental group, a specially developed model for organising the recovery process was applied, whilst the athletes in the control group carried out recovery activities independently, following their coach’s recommendations. The effectiveness of the model for organising the recovery process was tested as part of a pedagogical experiment by examining changes in the indicators of physical, technical, functional and psychological fitness among qualified basketball players: Physical fitness: in the experimental group, improvements in general and specific physical fitness indicators were recorded in the following ranges: 2.29–23.06% and 4.12–10.70%, respectively. Technical fitness: in the experimental group, improvements in technical fitness indicators were recorded within the following range: 34.32–61.80%. Functional fitness: in the experimental group, improvements in functional fitness indicators were recorded within the following ranges: respiratory system (spirometry) 12.55–21.62%; overall fitness (Wingate test) 10.26–23.12%; heart rate response to exercise 6.98–9.66%; Romberg’s test (stability platform) 13.84–37.69%, respectively. Psychological fitness: in the experimental group, improvements in psychological fitness indicators were recorded within the range of 8.93–25.56%. Improvements in all indicators studied were less pronounced in the control group. The experimental model developed allows for the integration of recovery measures into the training process of elite basketball players, taking into account the loads they undergo (training and competitive), as well as the characteristics and specifics of the training periods within the annual cycle. The effectiveness of the model was verified by assessing changes in the indicators of physical, technical, functional and psychological fitness of skilled basketball players, where a more significant improvement in results was observed in the experimental group compared to the control group in virtually all indicators studied. Thus, based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the model for organising the recovery process for skilled basketball players in university basketball teams has proven its effectiveness following its trial. 01.21.2026 article-21.pdf basketball players high level of skill organisation model physical recovery process.

23-25 RAR RUS Kuvanov V.A. Saint-Petersburg Mining University Dmitriev I.V. Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health Zakharov A.E. Saint-Petersburg Mining University Ilyushchenko S.A. Saint-Petersburg Mining University The specifics of strength training for elite female wrestlers The specifics of strength training for elite female wrestlers Objective of the study is to evaluate and analyse the effectiveness of using high-repetition and statodynamic modes of muscular activity among highly skilled female wrestlers during their physical preparation for sporting competitions. Methods and structure of the study. The experiment was conducted at the Comprehensive School of Higher Sports Excellence in St Petersburg, involving 22 highly skilled female wrestlers. Baseline measurements were taken before the start of the experiment, and again after 3 and 6 months. The main mechanism for utilising the statodynamic mode in the developed programme was the inclusion of additional sets performed with minimal weight and a reduced range of motion, without relaxation of the working muscle, and with a high number of repetitions. Results and conclusions. The results of the pedagogical experiment showed that a high-repetition training regime, used as a supplement to strength training as part of periodic adjustments to training loads, is an optimal and effective approach for reducing body fat and increasing muscle mass in female wrestlers during their training. A statistically significant improvement in results was observed after six months of the pedagogical experiment in most of the tests studied in the experimental group using a statodynamic training regime. 02.04.2026 article-22.pdf wrestling female wrestlers physical training competitions performance muscle activity

20-22 RAR RUS Gerasimov M.V. The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration Mironov A.O. The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration Improving the aerobic and anaerobic capacity of kickboxers through polarised training Improving the aerobic and anaerobic capacity of kickboxers through polarised training Objective of the study is to determine the effectiveness of polarised training for kickboxers during the preparatory period, based on the integrated development of the athletes’ aerobic and anaerobic capacities. Methods and structure of the study. During the preparatory period, prolonged low-intensity exercise was combined with the execution of techniques at high speed. Following five training sessions aimed at developing general endurance, speed-strength training was conducted to maximise the speed and power of punches and kicks. The following parameters were measured: maximum and anaerobic power; power decline index; and maximum oxygen consumption (MOC). Results and conclusions. Polarised training improves kickboxers’ anaerobic capacity to a greater extent, whilst aerobic energy supply mechanisms improve to a lesser extent. When planning further training, greater attention should be paid to developing kickboxers’ aerobic capacity. 02.02.2026 article-23.pdf elite kickboxers maximum oxygen consumption polarised training training process.

15-19 RAR RUS Zelenskiy K.G. Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute Ponomarev G.N. The Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia Kostyuchenko V.F. Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health Zverev V.D. Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health Assessing the level of mental skills among young athletes at different stages of physical training in sports radio direction-finding Assessing the level of mental skills among young athletes at different stages of physical training in sports radio direction-finding Objective of the study is to develop mental skills at various stages of the long-term training of young athletes in sports radio direction-finding. Methods and structure of the study. The research was conducted during training sessions involving 95 athletes from the Russian Federation’s youth national team in sports radio direction-finding, competing in the young men’s, young women’s, junior men’s and junior women’s age groups, including 12 Masters of Sport, 31 athletes holding a first-class rank and the title of Candidate Master of Sport, 41 athletes holding third- and second-class ranks, and 11 athletes holding a youth rank. The athletes were asked to respond to 48 statements, which assessed the level of development of 12 different mental skills on a 7-point scale. Results and conclusions. It has been established that, throughout the entire long-term training process for both young men and junior men, as well as young women and junior women, mental skills – specifically ‘self-confidence’ and ‘anxiety management’ – are of the utmost importance. 01.17.2026 article-24.pdf athletes sports radio direction-finding physical training mental development development level.

11-15 RAR RUS Levitskiy A.G. Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health Matveev D.A. Saint-Petersburg State University Mikhaylovskiy S.P. Saint-Petersburg Mining University Gromov M.M. Baltic State Technical University «VOENMEH» named after D.F. Ustinov Analysis of the characteristics of throwing techniques in martial arts Analysis of the characteristics of throwing techniques in martial arts Objective of the study is to identify the biomechanical characteristics of technical and tactical movements based on an analysis of the trajectories of the centres of gravity of various segments of the athlete’s body. Methods and structure of the study. During a match, the athlete performs movements, including those influenced by a force field. To characterise the field, a model comprising 14 segments of the human body was used. Using artificial intelligence, programmes have been developed that enable the calculation of the trajectories of the centres of gravity of the body segments and the saving of the resulting data to separate files. Results and conclusions. Based on the trajectories of the centres of gravity of the body segments, the nature of the force field at various points in space was determined. Analysis of these trajectories has provided objective insights into the execution of technical and tactical movements by highly skilled athletes, enabling the exploration of new approaches to designing the training process. The use of the proposed analysis in the training process will improve the performance of students in competitive activities and increase their motivation to continue practising martial arts. 02.03.2026 article-25.pdf martial arts analysis judo technical and tactical training characteristics.

7-10 RAR RUS Smirnova N.N. Saint-Petersburg Mining University Somkin A.A. St.Petersburg State University of Film and Television Muhamedzyanov R.R. Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health Novikova A.V. Saint-Petersburg Mining University The competitiveness of elite gymnasts during the Olympic cycle amid changes to competition rules The competitiveness of elite gymnasts during the Olympic cycle amid changes to competition rules Objective of the study is to determine the impact of the new Competition Rules for men’s artistic gymnastics for the 2025–2028 Olympic cycle on results at continental championships and the World Championships. Methods and structure of the study. The first stage involved analysing changes to the Competition Rules for men’s artistic gymnastics for 2025–2028 compared with the previous Olympic cycle. The second stage involved an analytical comparison of the results of leading gymnasts following the XXXIII Olympic Games in Paris and the 2025 World Championships. The third stage involved determining the competitiveness of Russian gymnasts following their admission to International Gymnastics Federation tournaments under neutral status.   Results and conclusions. It has been established that the gymnasts from the top teams at the 2024 Paris Olympics remain leaders in the post-Olympic year. They secured leading positions at continental championships and won a total of six gold medals out of seven at the 2025 World Championships. The modernisation of the competition rules for the 2025–2028 Olympic cycle has led to increased competition between elite gymnasts and less high-level athletes; however, the D score for programme difficulty continues to make a significant contribution to victory. Russian gymnasts managed to win one medal at the World Championships – a bronze for D. Marinov on the parallel bars – whilst demonstrating the team’s high potential in the fight for victory and podium places at the next World Championships and the 2028 Olympics in Los Angeles. 02.03.2026 article-26.pdf international federation Olympic cycle elite gymnasts competition rules (Code of Points).

3-6 RAR RUS Lutkova N.V. Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health Makarov Yu.M. Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health Panchenko I.A. Saint-Petersburg Mining University Vasiliev D.A. Saint-Petersburg Mining University Improving the effectiveness of serves by elite volleyball players through the differentiation of muscular effort Improving the effectiveness of serves by elite volleyball players through the differentiation of muscular effort Objective of the study is to improve the effectiveness of the serve among elite volleyball players by developing their ability to precisely modulate muscle effort through the use of specialised exercise programmes. Methods and structure of the study. Serve performance indicators were assessed based on competition data: for the main team ‘Dynamo-LO’ – in the Russian Men’s Volleyball Championship, and for the reserve team ‘Dynamo-LO-2’ – in the Russian Youth League. Parameters characterising technique, situational conditions and the direction of serves among skilled volleyball players were analysed. 10 matches involving leading teams were analysed using the professional software Data Volley 4Pro. The athletes’ baseline fitness level was determined through pedagogical testing. The ability to differentiate muscle effort was assessed using a DK-140 hand dynamometer, which allowed for the measurement of the accuracy of reproducing specified force levels (25%, 50%, 75% of maximum effort). The experimental part included specialised exercise blocks aimed at developing upper body strength and force discrimination sensitivity. 24 qualified volleyball players took part in the study. Results and conclusions. It was established that the qualified volleyball players of the ‘Dynamo-LO 2’ team perform a placement serve more frequently than a power serve during competitive play. The performance indicators of the skilled volleyball players from the ‘Dynamo-LO-2’ team show statistically significant differences from those of the players from the ‘Dynamo-LO’ team across all six analysed characteristics. It was found that it is advisable to identify four narrowly focused sets of exercises for developing the ability to differentiate muscle effort (using TRX loops, resistance bands, medicine balls and volleyballs). Among the skilled volleyball players of the ‘Dynamo-LO-2’ team, a positive trend was observed in the number of placement and power serves, the effectiveness of their execution, and a reduction in the number of errors during their execution. 02.02.2026 article-27.pdf muscle effort volleyball performance blocking exercises